Abstract
This paper examines how rice is a grain cereal plant of the grass family and how in terms of total production it is the world's second leading food crop. In particular, it looks at how rice will continue to play a major role in feeding billions of people in the world especially in Asia and how the goals and ambitions of researchers today must be to develop rice cultivars and methods of cultivation which enhance the crop yield and are resistant to disease and adverse weather conditions.

Outline
Abstract
Biology of the Rice Plant
Regions of Rice Cultivation and Factors Affecting Yield
Preparation for Planting
Soil Type
Whole Farm Planning
Calendar of Events
Propagation of Rice
Recent Developments
Irrigation
Pests and Diseases
Harvesting
Post Harvest Issues
Processing
Environmental Effects of Rice Cultivation
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The rice plant is usually classified as the genus Oryza in the grass family (Graminae). The rice plant has a number of jointed stems, called culms, which measure between 38cm to 244cm. The culms are composed of hollow internodes that join at solid nodes and arise from the shallow fibrous root system. A few of the nodes become elongated as the plant matures. The upper internode supports the panicle, which is the head of the rice plant. The flat grass-like leaves of the rice plant have a basal sheath which surrounds the culm. The blade of the leaf is set at an angle to the sheath. The panicle can range from open to compact and from erect to droopy. In most varieties it is dense and droopy."

Tags:agriculture, asia, backcrossing, biology, china, crop, cultivars, drainage, environment, farm, harvesting, hybridisation, pollination, water

Abstract
This is a detailed and illustrated paper on using organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers on plants. Results of experiments concerning this topic are included with the paper.

From the Paper
"Organic fertilizers can provide enough nutrients to plants, that is the reason why the plants can grow well. Also the organic fertilizers can change the structure of soil and create a good drainage system, and well-ventilated environment which can be a better place for microorganisms to survive. The organic fertilizers contribute a lot to the growth of plants, but they still have some disadvantages. If one adds too much organic fertilizers, the plants will die because the concentration of organic fertilizers is very high."

Tags:chemical, compost, erosion, fertilizers, green, manure, organic

Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between hemp and marijuana, focusing on "hemp stalk" as a major product which is fiber and cellulose-rich to develop into consumer goods. The writer of this paper suggests for governmental agencies to take a look at multiple approaches from some different sides of the story on hemp, not merely work on the argument of legalization of marijuana.

From the Paper
"Hemp stalk is the major product, which is fiber and cellulose-rich to develop into consumer goods. This product is different from marijuana. Thevenof says, people know hemp to be a good material for paper products since it produces pulp four times higher than tree per acre. Hemp is found to be "the strongest, easiest [fiber crop] to grow" and it easily grows in many areas. Hemp will be mature enough to harvest in 100 days, which is considered economical to replace all costs in tree growing, cutting and sawmill to supply paper factories. As it is rich in fiber, hemp would also make good source for fashion and apparel that gives strong and soft fiber comfortable to wear. Hurds hemp is also suitable for cattle feed since it has competitive biomass rate and lower operation cost to provide animal beddings, and other countries like England, France and the Netherlands have applied. Hemp is also rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, which would be a good option as food material, or more likely to be "strategic agricultural resources" as it made more than $50 million annual sales."

Tags:opportunity, arising, cannabis, sativa, productivity, benefit, fiber, yields, national, international, markets, demand, reality, economic, growth

Abstract
The paper states that the issue of genetic modification of foods is a hotly debated issue The author believes that the greatest potential disadvantages of genetically modified foods are negative effects on human health and especially on the environment. On the other hand the author feels that genetically modified foods can increase the nutritional content and create disease resistance of specific crops.

From the Paper
"Genetically modified foods have the potential to have great advantages to society. By developing foods that are resistant to drought or pests, scientists may enable these foods to be grown in areas where they are not traditionally cultivated. This may have an especially significant effect on drought-stricken areas in the third world, where cultivation of commercial crops is difficult due to drought and pests."

Tags:human, health, environment, economic, nutrition, disease, resistance, africa, ecosystem

Abstract
A detailed and effective story of the process of gardening and plants. It describes the process in which nature prepares the earth for the birth of plants.

From the Paper
"A glider swings back and forth as a young man and his grandmother reminisce on the porch at the beginning of spring. Her garden drips with apple red and Easter egg pink tulips. They each remember when he was a small boy, and she taught him exactly how to plant a tulip bulb. Now that the grandmother is older, the young man plants the garden on his own. However, they both enjoy its simple and peaceful beauty that symbolizes they beginning of spring and new life. A tulip flower's growth and bloom follows the seasons. In the fall, a gardener plants and tends the bulbs; in winter the ground freezes, and upon spring's arrival, the stalk, leaves, and bud grow."

Tags:tulip, gardener, freezing, bulb

Abstract
This paper discusses that many physicians considered opium to be perhaps the best natural pain reliever ever discovered. The paper states that Australia and France are sanctioned by the United Nations to grow opium poppies legally for the production and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. The author believes by employing new methods of biosynthesis to produce genetically altered plants, researchers hope to grow morphine-free opium poppies, ensuring a stable supply of codeine. This paper is complete with pictures and graphs of the chemical structure.

From the Paper
"Papaver somniferum has been used medicinally for centuries for its ability to produce a number of opiates that act as analgesics. The earliest recorded history of opium cultivation is approximately 3400 B.C., in lower Mesopotamia. The tradition of opium cultivation for medicinal purposes was carried on from the Sumerians, to the Assyrians, to the Babylonians, to the Egyptians, and so on to present day. Cultural references to the use of the opium poppy can be found in literary and medical texts, for instance the use of opium can be found in Homer's Iliad (850 B.C.) and with in the Hippocratic Corpus (460 B.C.)".

Tags:drugs, pain, reliever, legal, grow, production, pharmaceuticals, biosynthesis, codeine, cough, morphine

Abstract
This paper looks at Atropine the plant as drug and medicine under the following headings: Discovery, Extraction from its Natural Sources, Uses, Side Effects, Description of Structure.

From the Paper
"The medicinal properties of Atropine were discovered through Shamans or "Medicine Men". It is not known exactly when it was discovered, but the first recorded use of it was in 1676 when a group of soldiers in Jamestown went insane upon ingestion of the plant that contains Atropine along with other Tropane alkaloids. In 1968, over-the-counter remedies for asthmatic difficulties were banned after people began to use them recreationally."

Tags:analysis, drug, medicine

Abstract
This paper illustrates a laboratory experiment involving plants' use of photosynthesis, which is the chemical process that occurs in plants to convert energy, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and organic compounds; i.e. sugar. This experiment is intended to test how different conditions will influence photosynthesis on a broad bean plant Vicia faba. Photosynthesis differs depending on conditions of the plant. To test for this, the paper explains, the researchers created a standard curve for chlorophyll, and then examined two plants that were grown in separate conditions, one in normal light and water conditions and the other with added fertilizer of 20/20/20. If photosynthesis is stronger, the paper clarifies, the plant was expected to be more developed and in better condition. In conclusion, the paper notes that the experiment was successful, showing that the plant grown in fertilized conditions grew in more impressive ways. This paper includes illustrative graphs, charts, tables, and calculations.

Outline:
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References

From the Paper
"Part II dealt with building a standard curve for chlorophyll. A stock chlorophyll solution was obtained a long with four cuvettes. The cuvettes were labeled as 0, 1, 2, and 3. Four milliliters of distilled water was added to cuvette 0 using a 5mL pipette. Four milliliters of the stock solution was then added to cuvette 3 using a 5mL pipette. Then three milliliters of the stock solution and three milliliters of distilled water were added to cuvette 2 using different 5mL pipettes. Two milliliters of the solution from cuvette 2 was taken and put into cuvette 1 along with two milliliters of distilled water. The absorbance on the spec21 spectrophotometer was set to 650 and cuvette 0 was placed into it, the absorbance was adjusted to 0 making this the blank. Cuvettes 1, 2, and 3 were then placed into the machine one by one and the absorbance of each cuvette was recorded. The relationship between absorbance and chlorophyll concentration was then plotted. A line of best fit was drawn on the graph, the slope of which gave the chlorophyll extinction coefficient."

Tags:scientific, method, fava, bean, chorophyll

Abstract
This paper examines the quest of Vina San Pedro, a Chilean Winery, to improve its product and international sales. The author describes the changes made in order to recover their reputation as a fine wine producer, including a massive European marketing campaign, reduction of sale of wine in bulk and the replanting of the vineyards.

Table of Contents

I. History of the Situation
II. The Current Market Situation
III. Recommendations for Expanding the Market
IV. Works Cited
V. Appendix I
VI. Appendix II

From the Paper
"In 1993 Vina San Pedro (VSP) was the third largest winery in Chile, with annual exports of 1 million + cases. The company had experienced some organizational difficulties and engaged Professional Business Consultants, Inc. (PBC) to assist VSP. To remedy the situation we researched and hired an international winemaking team to improve wine quality."

Tags:vina, san, pedro, exports, organization, management, consultant, business, international, winemaking, quality, europe, vino

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine ancient and modern winemaking techniques. Just as the social significance of wine has remained fairly unchanged over the years, so has the way in which it is produced. The author specifically discusses the relationship that exists between modern techniques and those described by the ancient sources.

From the paper:

"This paper has shown the relationship that exists between modern winemaking techniques and those described by the ancient sources. Although modern technologies have been applied to the process, the basic techniques and methods of production remain predominantly unchanged. Through the examination of all wine production processes from the creation of a vineyard to the storage of wine, this paper has compared the similarities and differences between ancient and modern techniques."

Tags:antiquity, grapes, harvest, vineyard, viticulture, wine, winery