Paper Summary:

This paper discusses an experiment that introduced several methods of differentiating between several types of organic compounds containing oxygen in their functional groups. Specifically, the experiment compares alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones. The paper presents the results in a table and discusses them. Several figures are also presented.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion

From the Paper:

"In this test, the rate of reaction is dependant upon the degree of substitution. This is because the Lucas reagent creates conditions that favour the SN1 mechanism, and therefore, the most substituted carbocation intermediate will react the fastest. Therefore, when the alcohol group is on a tri-substituted carbon, like in 3-methyl-1-buten-3-ol and 2-methyl-2-butanol, the reaction will be the fastest. In addition, 3-methyl-1-buten-3-ol contains a double bond, which enables resonance stabilization of the carbocation intermediate. 2-methyl-2-butanol lacks this feature, and is therefore, slightly slower. Since the alcohol group is on a di-substituted carbon in 3-methyl-2-butanol, the reaction will be even slower. 3-methyl-1-butanol will not even react since its alcohol group is on a mono-substituted carbon."

Sample of Sources Used:

• "Chemical Structure." ChemIDplus Advanced. 2005. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 12 Feb 2008. <http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus>
• Organic Chemistry Lab Manual. SC/CHEM 2020.06. Toronto: York University Department of Chemistry, Fall-Winter 2007-2008.
• Pareek, A., Varshney, S., and Banerji, K. K. "Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes by hexamethylenetetramine-bromine". Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 60.1 (1996): 127-130.
• Potvin, Pierre. Organic Chemistry Second Half Course Kit. Winter 2008. Toronto: York University, 2008,
• Wade, L.G. Organic Chemistry. 6th ed. 2006

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