Paper Summary:

This paper examines an experiment in which the kinetics of a nucleophilic substitution were observed, more specifically, the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride. Furthermore, the paper discusses how the experiment confirms the kinetic order of the reaction. The materials and methods that were used are also discussed, as well as results of the experiment, which are shown in a table.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Appendix

From the Paper:

"Sources of errors in this experiment are mainly normal human error, such as slight inaccuracies when using the pipettes (either when taking up or emptying the liquids). If there was also inconsistency (i.e. it was inaccurate for a different reason each time), then this could have a significant impact on the results. Also, deciding when the colour had completely changed (and thus, the reaction had gone to completion) depended on the lighting and the angle at which each experimenter stood from each flask. In terms of modifying the temperature, there was always a delay between attaining the target temperature and the thermometer reading, since the heat could not be perfectly spread out in the flask and it took time for the temperature to stabilize."

Sample of Sources Used:

• "Chemical Structure." ChemIDplus Advanced. 2005. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 28 Oct 2007. <http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus>
• Organic Chemistry Lab Manual. SC/CHEM 2020.06. Toronto: York University Department of Chemistry, Fall-Winter 2007-2008.
• Potvin, Pierre. Organic Chemistry First Half Course Kit. Fall/Winter 2007-2008. Toronto: York University, 2007
• Wade, L.G. Organic Chemistry. 6th ed. 2006.

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