From the Paper
" Photography has played an important role in our society since the process was invented over 150 years ago. Frequently, the eye and the camera are compared to each other. This comparison, although a useful fiction at times, ignores many important differences between the function of a camera taking still pictures using a film, and the human eye and brain viewing the world. Photographs are almost always seen as inherently truthful, an accurate recording of the events that happened when the photograph was shot. Certain functions and limitations inherent to photography not present in the human visual system can make an ordinary, un.retouched photograph seem misleading. This paper will briefly discuss the nature of photography in our society and why photographs are seen as being truthful, and then (...)"

From the Paper
"This paper will explore Robert Mapplethorpe's works and his photography subjects, themes, concepts and influences. It will also touch on Mapplethorpe's personality and how it affected his work and on his relationship to the New York art scene. Mapplethorpe was a contemporary American photographer whose works continue to influence the genre. He traversed uncharted territory with the camera, if not exactly in his choice of subjects, then in the manner in which those subjects are dealt with and in the unusual emotional aura that encompasses the photographs, creating perplexing feelings in the person looking at them. It is the ability to produce these feelings, along with the excellent technicality of Mapplethorpe's works, that made him one of the better known photographers in the United States. "

Abstract
This paper examines Dorothea lange's famous controversial photograph: "Migrant Mother". The author looks at how the photograph became a symbol for propaganda for the New Deal. This photograph caused a stir in the government and became a controversial topic. The author looks at the career of Dorothea Lange and her involvement in government.

From the paper:

"Dorothea Lange's "documentary" photograph, Migrant Mother, became a symbol for a plethora of causes after successfully being created as propaganda to legitimize the New Deal. When Dorothea Lange shot Migrant Mother, she had completed her transition from portraitist to documentary photography and was working with the Farm Security Administration. Lange's work was required to fit the New Deal's ideology handed down from the Roosevelt administration. In order to achieve these mandates, Lange significantly manipulated her subjects. Due to these actions, her photograph is easily adaptable. Migrant Mother not only catalyzed relief aid to the migrants; people later manipulated it into other symbols."

Tags:administration, deal, depression, farm, new, paul, roosevelt, roy, security, stryker, taylor

Abstract
Ansel Adams was one of America's most famous photographers. This paper introduces and discusses Ansel Adams the man, his innovative photographic techniques, and their impact on traditional photography.

From the Paper
"By the mid 20s, Adams began to realize he could make a living with his photography. He decided to concentrate on his photographic work, instead of a career as a concert pianist. This was a turning point in his life, and while he continued to enjoy music throughout his life, photography became his vocation, and his lifelong passion. In 1927, he received the patronage of Albert M. Bender, a wealthy San Francisco insurance magnate, and it changed his life. Bender helped him publish his first portfolio of photographs, but even more importantly, he helped Adams develop his self-confidence and abilities, which allowed him to become more creative and artistic."

Tags:Zone, System, Yosemite, National, Park, Black, and, White, Bulletin

Abstract
This is a case study of Kodak, examining its entry into the digital imaging business and the company's major change in strategy. The paper looks at how successful it has been and factors for its success.

From the Paper
"Kodak yielded to changes in demand that threatened to make its signature products outdated. The company made a strategic decision to move away from traditional film and toward digital products. The company characterized this decision as a historic shift and this decision was not without its critics. Many people wondered if Kodak could compete effectively with companies including Hewlett-Packard Canon and Epson who were firmly entrenched in the market niches that Kodak was interested in moving into. Kodak announced that it ..."

Tags:Kodak, competition, strategy, digital, success, polaroid

Abstract
This paper discusses that, despite much criticism, there are those who will support the idea that Diane Arbus is an artist in the truest sense. The author believes that her photographs have a way of bringing out the true nature of the people she is working to photograph. The paper concludes that Diane Arbus's work is not invasive, but rather challenges the viewer to see the reality of the harsher things in life.

From the Paper
"Diane Arbus says the following of her work: "Freaks were a thing I photographed a lot Freaks are born with their trauma. They've already passed it. They're aristocrats" (Bosworth, 1985, preface). This statement seems to reflect the idea not that Diane is abusing her subjects, but rather that she admires them for having withstood a life of traumatic experience. Diane has been quoted as saying that most people live in fear of something freakish or unexpected happening to them (Arbus, 1977)."

Tags:freaks, trauma, experience, challenge, realities

Abstract
This paper gives a history on photography and shows the affects of photography and journalism on American society during the Civil War. It provides an in-depth analysis of photographers such as Mathew Brady and his team, and their role in the Civil War. The paper also discusses the newspapers that published these horrific civil war images, and discusses the distribution of these papers to the masses. The paper gives society's reactions by quoting primary and secondary sources on the atrocities that the general public was exposed to.

From the Paper
"Prior to photography, war was interpreted through words, or the eyes of an artist. The Civil War was the first war to be documented with real pictures. For the first time in American history, people could witness the carnage of war, by simply seeing a picture. In addition to this, newspapers began giving readers personal accounts of battles and this increased circulation. With the start of war photography and increase in journalism, the Civil War became a horrific reality to society, and the most publicized and recorded war that America had ever seen."

Tags:accounts, artist, brady, confederacy, death, drawing, harpers, image, mathew, newspaper, penny, photo, press, propaganda, realism, shiloh, union, weekly

Abstract
The documentary photography of photographer Walker Evans is critically examined referring specifically to at least four images, in relation to the humanist approach to photography. The paper also includes a discussion of arguments for and against such an approach. Photos analyzed are "Women Stooped Over in Field", "St Mathew's School, Alabama"; "Vicksburg, Mississippi" and "Hitch Hikers".

From the Paper
"Evans was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1903. His parents were well off, and very conservative. He first studied literature, and lived in Paris for a year studying to be a writer. He first began taking photographs in 1928, with a small hand held, roll film camera. He worked as a broker on Wall Street until the Crash of 1929, then "came to prominence during the Great Depression photographing for the Farm Security Administration, where in three years he produced his best known and most enduring work" (Kingston). Evans died in 1975 in New Haven, Connecticut."

Tags:camera, film, photograph, photography, document, photos

Abstract
The paper studies photographs taken by Walker Evans - a photographer hired by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression to document the farmers' condition. Evans found visions of farming life that stirred his social conscience, and that is what he recorded with his camera. By looking at four of his photographs the author of this paper examines Evans' ability to make statements about the economy of the time through a camera lens.

From the Paper
"In the picture "City Lunch Counter"(1929), Walker captured the economic disparity of the early Depression. He photographed a lunch counter from the waitress's side and showed three men eating. The men on either end were well-dressed, in pressed suits, looking well groomed and fresh. In the center is a man smaller in stature, visually communicating his lessened power. He is shabbily dressed and looks around warily. Walker said that photographs should not need explanations (Rubifien, 2000), and this picture illustrates it well. Walker has captured the human effects of an impersonal economy out of control."

Tags:Hale County Alabama, Graveyard Houses and Steel Mill, ?Roadside, Stand, Near, Birmingham, Alabama?, 1936, photos

Abstract
This paper explains that, after returning from Africa in the early Thirties, Cartier-Bresson was influenced by the vivacity of primitivism and tried to find its counterpart in some of the poor neighborhoods of Europe. The author points out that the artist's choice of camera, the small-format Leica, allowed Cartier-Bresson the freedom to shoot quickly and with minimal camera resetting time (i.e. advancing film, changing film). The paper relates that the rising presence of magazines and photojournalism in the 1930s generously supported Cartier-Bresson financially and allowed him the economic freedom required for him to travel the world taking pictures.

From the Paper
"The tired, desperate look on the man's face coupled with the look of shock on the face of the drawing, paint a profound picture of desperation. What seems like merely a "snapshot" photograph can be deeply analyzed to reveal an insightful comment on the poverty and hopelessness so prevalent during the depression. In an era when most cameras were large, and bulky, it doesn't seem possible for a photo such as this one to be taken off the cuff and un-posed. But the fact is that Cartier-Bresson's photos were not posed and the next paragraph will discuss how new camera technology allowed him the freedom to take pictures like this one taken in Spain in 1933."

Tags:primitivism, neighborhoods, leica, snapshot, photojournalism