Abstract
This paper examines the appeal of Buddhism in the historical context of the Period of Division. It explains that Buddhism's rise was answering the needs and desires of both the people and the rulers, especially foreign rulers, in a period of instability and in competition with the past dominated by Confucianism and organized Daoism. There is also the dialectic between its new content as a foreign religion and its sinicization, as both can account for its success in China.

From the Paper
"The Period of Division in Chinese history spreads between 220 and 589 A.D. The period is marked by wars, successions of small kingdoms, and great political instability and misery for the people. It is also the period of nomadic invasions. Buddhism exerted a great appeal to the Chinese during this period, became dominant at least in the north, and firmly established itself alongside Confucianism and Daoism as the main religions or schools of thought in China. What are the reasons behind its popularity during this period?"

Tags:china

Abstract
This paper examines how over the centuries, China has had different levels of involvement in Tibet. It looks at how prior to 1950, Tibet was inhabited entirely by ethnic Tibetans and how policies by the People's Republic of China have changed the makeup of the region. It discusses how despite the efforts of a global social campaign led by the exiled Dalai Lama, the P.R.C. have made it clear that Tibet will not become an independent country under their watch. It also examines how currently, there are millions of non-Tibetan Chinese citizens living and working in the Tibet Autonomous Region and how although China has committed atrocities against the Tibetan people, current Chinese policy seems to be for the purpose of correcting the lives and conditions for Tibet.

From the Paper
"However, the sixth Dalai Lama, Tsayang Gyatso was a disappointment. He did not rule justly and "turned out to be totally deviant in attitude and values, refusing to play the role of a celibate religious practitioner. He renounced his monastic vows and became a famous libertine, writing love poems and carousing with women at night in Lhasa." During this time Lhabsang Khan, was the king of Tibet, and was friendly to the Qing Dynasty, instead of the Dzungar Mongols, a group of Mongols that was trying to take over China. Khan decided to declare that the sixth Dalai Lama was not the real incarnation, and removed him from his seat, forcing Tsayang Gyatso into exile."

Tags:communist, dalai, lama

Abstract
The paper offers arguments on the importance of the U.S.-Indonesia relations during the Cold War era. The main point that this paper reflects is how the potential spread of Communism in Indonesia paved the way for the infiltration of U.S. foreign policy into Indonesia's domestic and foreign affairs. U.S. interest in Indonesia focused mainly on the country's abundance of natural resources and location, and the U.S. attempted to dissuade Indonesia from falling into Communist hands.

From the Paper
"With Sukarno spearheading the quest for Indonesia Merdeka, Indonesian demands for independence grew dramatically, prompting the colonial government to withdraw from its Ethical Policy commitments by the late 1920s. Fearing potential surges of nationalist movements, the leaders of PNI were arrested and later tried. Among others, Sukarno was arrested in December 1929 and put on trial for sedition in 1930, after which he was found guilty and sentenced to four years in prison. The imprisonment of the party leaders led to the dissolution of the PNI in April 1931. The split was thought to have been triggered by disparities in approaches to the nationalist movement, each with ethnic overtones. Furthermore, fueled by their intolerance of radical nationalist movements, the Dutch government formally banned a new stream of nationalist movement in the form of Partindo (Indonesian Party), which replaced the PNI as the new dominant force in nationalist movement."

Tags:asia, policy, southeast

Abstract
This paper argues that one of the major reasons for China's incredible growth since its opening in 1978, is due to the substantial influx of foreign direct investment (FDI). The gradual opening up of China to FDI, coupled with a large array of benefiting economic factors such as preferential policies, low labor costs, access to neighboring markets with similar culture/language etc., has resulted in unimagined investment and resulting growth. The paper shows that in this process FDI, has positively improved and/or contributed to total investment, technology transfer, employment, foreign exchange reserves, management know-how, competition, new industries and tax revenue.
The paper includes a chart.

Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. Overview of FDI Trends
Sources of FDI
Geographical Distribution
Reasons for Investment and Preference for Investment on the Coast Business Forms of FDI
Government Policies
WTO Agreement and FDI
Empirical Studies
III. FDI Challenges and China
1 Impact on Domestic Capabilities
2 Foreign Exchange
3 Employment
4 The Limits of Preferential Policies and Tax Evasion?
5 Financial Market Inefficiencies
IV. A Case Study of FDI in Dongguan, Guangdong
V. Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"In all these cases, the liberalization process was carefully developed by only allowing access to certain sectors and geographical areas. Today there are still limitations of foreign investment in which the Government deems such sectors as "strategically" important. Such sectors or projects include airport development, nuclear power plants, oil and gas, subways, communications, printing etc. In many cases foreign investment is restricted to an equity share that is less than 50% (Tseng and Zebregs, 2002)."

Tags:Hong, Kong, ECE, foreign, exchange, GDP

Abstract
Japan is a force to be reckoned with when it comes to the global business environment. It is imperative to gain an understanding of this nation's unique and intricate culture in order to facilitate success business ventures with its people. This paper first discusses an overview of the Japanese culture, including basic facts, history, government, religion and economy. An in-depth analysis is then performed on Japanese business practices, including Japanese values, meeting etiquette and protocol and women in the business world. Lastly, implications for domestic and international managers within Japan are examined. Also included are numerous interviews with businesspeople who have or are working in Japan to contrast their perspectives with those of North Americans.

Table of Contents:

Basic Facts
A Brief History
Japanese Government
Religion
The Japanese Economy
Japanese Business Practices
- Values in Practice
- Meeting Etiquette and Protocol
- Women in the Business World
Management Implications

Appendices:

Appendix I
Interview Results
Appendix II
Japan's Placement on
Indices in the Text
Appendix III
Top 15 Important Lessons Every Business Person Must Know Before
Doing Business WITH or IN Japan!
Appendix IV
How Culture Affects Management Approaches: Cultural Dimensions
Appendix V
A "Must-Know" List of List of Japanese Culture and Customs
Addendum
Article Summary: Current Intercultural Issues and Challenges

From the Paper
"The Japanese have a deep-rooted culture and value system that helps to dictate their daily business dealings. Primary to these values is the concept of trust and of establishing long lasting relationships. The Japanese will go to great lengths to get to know their business counterparts in order to feel at ease with them. Thus, when Western managers first meet their Japanese counterparts, they should be ready to participate in discussions that cover topics such as personal hobbies and family life. Moreover, after creating a bond of trust between the two parties, it is expected that the relationship will last for some time as the Japanese value long lasting relationships that are of mutual benefit. This concept is based on the Japanese heritage of being an isolated nation where people stayed in one place for a long time and thus formed long lasting relationships."

Tags:akihitu, emperor, hokkaido, honshu, kyushu, shikoku, yen

Abstract
This is an insightful essay dealing with the impact of World War Two on two communities, which contain Japanese Canadians and Americans. The two novels, "Obasan" and "Snow Falling on Cedars", show the prejudice and racism of the Second World War, as well as the paranoia of the white community. The essay describes the impacts of the war, and also contrasts how memories and emotions of war can be suppressed by silence or resurfaced in everyday life. This essay shows both effects using the two novels to show the various outcomes.

From the Paper
"Many memorable events in people's lives have the power to affect their memories, emotions, and relationships later in life. These events may be positive or negative and are dealt with in various ways, such as silence, anger, denial or confrontation. In "Snow Falling on Cedars", by David Guterson, and "Obasan", by Joy Kogawa, the event of World War II creates lasting impressions on all the characters, which are evident even many years later in both plots. In "Snow Falling on Cedars", a man named Kabuo Miyamoto is charged for the murder of a well-liked fisherman. While he and others are on the stand, memories of World War II surface, revealing a complex plot containing separated lovers, a battle for land, and the island's always present, racism. In Kogawa's novel, a schoolteacher named Naomi Nakane visits her Aunt Obasan because her uncle has passed away. During the visit she remembers her family's separation and relocation during World War II through the reading of diaries, and eventually learns the details of her mother's demise after thirty years. Both novels deal with the prejudice toward the Japanese in North America during the Second World War, as well as show the lasting effects that war leaves on its survivor."

Tags:guterson, japanese, kogawa, asian, prejudice, racism, relocation, unfairness, memory, emotion

Abstract
This is a research and critical review of China's one child population policy. It delves into the nature of the policy, the reasons for its implementation, the benefits and draw backs of the policy and whether it has been successful or not. The author looks at the problems with the policy with special reference to the way it effects society and proposes alternatives and solutions to the policy.

From the Paper
"The Chinese population policy is approaching its silver anniversary and the contentious nature of the strategy remains. Without question the one child per family policy has changed China's demographic landscape, but many individuals still question the success and ethical nature of the implementation. These strategies have also caused new problems that the country must address. Numerous people wonder if the positive decline of population growth can offset the negative effects of the policy."

Tags:child, china, chinese, histoy, one, policy, population, family, community, society

Abstract
The author of this paper has divided it into two parts to gain a better understanding of the Japanese wine market. The contemporary aspect of the general Japanese market has been presented within the first part. It comprises the domestic production trends, the importer trends, a consumption analysis and the legislative laws which influence the wine market. The second part of this article looks at the vehicle to enter and the distribution channels of this product. It discusses how wine be sold successfully and how it competes with the local wine industry. It also discusses importation tips for importers.

From the Paper
"It is often said that Japan is one of the most difficult markets for a foreign company to penetrate. The lack of understanding of Japanese business culture and complexity of the market are seen as barriers to entry. Before we make clear why we choose wine to get in the Japanese market, we need to know what is the environment within and how we use the strategy to enter this market."

Tags:asia, direct, fdi, france, french, italian, italy

Abstract
This paper examines the development of nationalism in modern China, from the Han response to the Qing government to anti-imperialist agitation and republicanism under the guidance of Sun Yatsen. It looks briefly at the New Culture Movement and the role of secret societies such as the Tongmeng hui.

From the paper:

"Nationalism has been a defining ideology in the creation of Modern China, promoted at first by a series of secret societies, and later by both the Guomingdang and the Chinese Communist Party to achieve different ends. It was central to the early student movements, and the May Fourth Movement, and nationalism was the first of Sun Yatsen's Three Principles of the People. In its early stages, Chinese nationalism was based on ethnic and racial identity, and centered on Han identity, however over time the significance of ethnic identity has decreased. Foreign influence in the conceptualization of Chinese nationalism has been problematic to developing a clear understanding of the movement; despite this, nationalism developed in a particularly Chinese manner."

Tags:anti, culture, han, imperialism, manchu, qing, secret, societies, sun, treaties, yatsen

Abstract
This paper discusses various elements of Asian religions and how it is intertwined in Crane's novel "Bones of the Master." These elements include pilgrimage, master/disciple relationship and the importance of meditation. The book is a true story of a man on a spiritual quest for the truth.

From the Paper
"The concept of the teacher and the student is prevalent in Bones of the Master. When beginning a religious path, it is most widely agreed that the best place to start is by finding a teacher, or a master. It is this teacher, that can guide the student towards proper meditation techniques and passing their wisdom down to the student. In his younger days, Tsung Tsai found his master in Shiuh Deng. One of the key teachings of a Buddhist master is the art of meditation. For one who is seeking a religious path, the most important aspect to learn is meditation."

Tags:bones, buddhism, crane, george, master, meditation, tsai, tsung