Abstract
This essay examines the events leading up to and including the Red River Rebellion and the effects it has had on Canadian culture as a whole. It is also examined with respect to the role of Louis Riel and the effects it has had on Metis culture and natives.

From the Paper
"The Red River Metis' conflicts with other settlers and the Canadian government were largely a result of the existence of a "half-breed" settlement. Historian George Stanley once described Metis people as "having darker skin than a white person but otherwise quite similar to Europeans. In all respectability, they are like civilized men, not more uneducated, immoral, or disorderly than many communities in the old world."1 During the first stage of Metis discontent leading up to the rebellion at Red River, between the years of 1830 and 1850, the unrest among the Metis was largely a result of economic concern due to crop failures and the trade monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company.2 During this period, the Canadian government did little in the way of aiding the people of Red River. The second stage of Metis discontent occurred between the years of 1850 and 1869, the years immediately preceding the uprising against the Canadian government. The reason for discontent during this period was rooted in racial and social concerns of the Metis.3 The Metis during this period believed they were being pushed out of their own land, their own unique culture that they had developed to make room for other settlers to occupy their land. The Metis viewed this as an insult against their abilities, and their culture as a whole. The first period of discontent led to the eventual dismantling of the Hudson Bay Company's monopoly and the second era of discontent led to the insurrection of 1869 under Louis Riel."

Tags:canada, history, louis, manitoba, native, oppression, riel, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses the delicate balance between the sanctity of lawyer-client privilege and the need to protect society. The paper begins by defining money laundering and presenting examples of lawyers who have been involved in money laundering. The paper then explains why the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) views lawyers as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process. Next, the paper discusses the sanctity of lawyer-client privileges. A discussion on law enforcement efforts to balance the rights of the individual vs. the protection of society then follows. The paper concludes that this ethical dilemma of the relationship between lawyers' right to defend individuals and organized crime involved in money laundering creates topical discussions with no clear answers.

Outline:
Introduction
Money Laundering Defined
Examples of Lawyers Involved in Money Laundering
FATF Describes Lawyers as "Gatekeepers"
Ethics and the Sanctity of Lawyer Client Privilege
Balancing the Rights of the Individual versus the Protection of Society

From the Paper
"Balancing the protection of society versus defending individual rights is an ethical dilemma that criminal defense lawyers may experience. This is especially enhanced when lawyers represent the interests of organized crime. Money laundering endangers the social economic fabric of society and is linked to serious crimes of violence, drug trafficking and terrorism. Legislation is designed to assist law enforcement with investigating and prosecuting crimes such as money laundering. However, legalities have been overcome by professionals such as accountants, bank managers, insurance agents and lawyers. These professionals viewed as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process can easily become embroiled into facilitating the needs of organized crime, either unwittingly or knowingly."

Tags:gatekeepers, financial, reporting, transactions

Abstract
This paper is an overview of what the World Trade Organization (WTO) is and what it does. The history of the WTO is discussed as well as its advantages and disadvantages to Canada.

From the Paper
"The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization engaging in the rules of trade between countries. At its core are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and confirmed in their parliaments. The organization accounts for over 90% of world trade and consist of 135 member nations that range from the US-to-Cuba-to-The Kyrgyz Republic."

Tags:agreements, globalization, international, subsidies, trade

Abstract
This essay was written as a rebuttal to the growing controversy over Canada's parole system, and parole laws. The essay strongly advocates upholding the system, and highlights some of its strengths; it remains relevant today. The essay focuses on crime statistics, and how they may be skewered by media coverage, misconceptions and facts about parole and obtaining parole, victim's rights re: victim impact statements, parole violation: statistics and misconceptions, statutory requirements re: parole, and costs of parole.

Tags:criminal, rehabilitation, release

Abstract
This essay analyzes the text of George Ryga's "The Ecstasy of Rita Joe", then links it to issues of publishing, culture, and aboriginal people in Canada. Examines the significance of this publication in light of the Americanization of Canadian literature.

From the Paper
'The Ecstasy of Rita Joe is a series of scenes linked by Rita's memory and associations; their causal relations become clear only through repetition. This cause and effect is well illustrated by a particular scene set: Rita Joe admits to stealing a sweater in court. Later, at a clothing drive arranged by Mr. Homer, Jaimie Paul explicitly forbids Rita Joe from taking a red sweater she is admiring. This cause and effect relationship gives credence to Rita Joe's actions, as we are shown very simply how and why these things happen. Her eventual rape and murder is foreshadowed throughout the play, as "the murderers" are written several times into the background scenes of the play; they act as unknown menacing objects at times that Rita shows vulnerability. In terms of linking this book to the modern day, it is this part of the story that I found so striking and timely, as the book has foreshadowed the reality of the past few decades in the downtown eastside of Vancouver, recently come to a head."

Tags:first, nations, native, studies, talonbooks

Abstract
A paper that shows that in a world of expanding business and human mobility there is an increasing prevalence of corporations extending internationally, resulting in many political and social implications. The author finds that although conventionally, one would join a lobby firm in order to influence government policy through bureaucratic channels; in light of growing corporate globalization, one can argue that these conventional channels are no longer able to reflect the demands and interests of the general population. He finds that although lobby firms possess substantial resources in lobbying government, it is in the flexible structure of informal grassroots organizations that people will be able to influence policy in a globalized world. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of transnational networks in influencing policy by highlighting the insufficiencies of lobby firms, outlining the characteristics of social movements that make them effective, and illustrating the application of these tactics in specific campaigns. Ultimately, it is in these informal movements that the demands of the general public will be heard. The paper focuses on Canada's experience.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, in a world increasingly dominated by multinational corporations, the future of public interests lies in the methods of grassroots organizations. Lobby firms have become ineffective in representing interests of the public, as they are now puppets of the big business interests who hire them. Likewise, governments have ceased to become the focus of policy change, as they too, have subordinated themselves to the interests of multinational corporations. Thus, it is in the flexible and adaptive structures of grassroots lobbying that Canadian voices and interests will be heard in the global arena. The reality that the strength of corporations in this arena is indubitable; yet, it is in the mobilization of collective action from grassroots organizations that will keep these corporations in check and ensure global social justice."

Tags:gatt, greenpeace, mai, movements, multinational, shell, social, wto

Abstract
This paper examines how, since the 1980s, the idea of Aboriginal sovereignty has been a subject of growing debate in Canada and how centrally at issue is the dispute over Aboriginal rights. It discusses how there is a contrast between traditional Aboriginal values and those of modern-day society and how within Canada there exists a prevailing tension between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals on many levels. It analyzes how the government is in need of serious revision and why some Canadians feel that the only solution to the crisis the Aboriginal peoples presently find themselves in is some form of Aboriginal sovereignty. It shows how these Canadians believe that the best way to address the crisis is to have First Nations peoples control their own destiny through self-determination in order to confront current challenges successfully and ultimately lead to a greater state of well-being for its peoples.

From the Paper
"In addition to the Indian Act, which was subsequently amended multiple times, other influential policy documents were developed including the Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (1969), also known as the White Paper and Citizens Plus (1970) which "presents a counter-policy written by the Union of Alberta Indians, a treaty Indian group, in reaction to the federal document" (41) and called for Aboriginal self-determination. The White Paper's aim "was to outline a strategy that would integrate Indian peoples into mainstream society" (43). Conversely, "The guiding principles for economic development, proposed in Citizens Plus, suggest a reliance on a combination of government assistance and private enterprise [in order to] make reserve communities into centers of profitable and productive private industry" (49)."

Tags:first, nations, government, genocide, culture, religion

Abstract
This paper argues that it is time to re-think the homework debate and focus our attention on how educators can make homework a more valued part of the learning process. With all of its potential positive outcomes, educators must find ways to make homework an interesting and challenging educational experience for students. The paper includes graphs and tables. It takes on a Canadian perspective.

Paper Outline:
Defining Homework (including types)
Arguments for Homework
Arguments against Homework
Designing Quality Homework Programs
Works Cited

From the Paper
"If teachers are not careful when assigning homework the effects can become detrimental to both students' learning and their attitudes towards education. Some of the main arguments against homework are as follows: Students don't get enough sleep; they are tired the next day of school, becoming stressed and anxious about their education (Caston & Penrose, 2003). Secondly, homework limits the time that students can spend with their family and friends, and the time parents do spend doing homework with their children can result in tension and fights. Asking children to sit down and do homework at an early age may be developmentally inappropriate and therefore counterproductive."

Tags:education, elementary, special, students, teachers

Abstract
This paper argues that capital punishment should never be reinstated in Canada, because too many innocent people have been hanged due to common human error, because capital punishment is uncivilized punishment, and because capital punishment does nothing to deter citizens from committing crimes.

Tags:incarceration, penalties, prison, punishment, sentencing, human, rights

Abstract
Canada is internationally recognized as a culturally diverse nation that emphasizes the concept of "The Mosaic." No other country in the world encompasses inhabitants from so many different backgrounds who exhibit strong loyalty towards Canada, while still preserving their cultural heritage. This is contrasted to the American ideal of the "Melting Pot," which attempts to shape all of their citizens into a set mold. Canada's philosophy is believed to be more effective and respectful than that which is possessed by our American neighbors. The following discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, and analyzes the impact of the structures on each country's society.

From the Paper
"Canada is world renown for being one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and work together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens being first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to preserve and enhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equality in the economic, social, cultural and political aspects of Canada. In 1991, the Department of Multiculturalism and Citizenship conducted a survey, which revealed high levels of Canadian values and identity. Six out of ten interviewees portrayed a "deep emotional attachment to Canada" and 95% believe they can be proud of being a citizen and of their ancestry simultaneously. As a nation, Canada is continually becoming more diverse in its practices, which requires residents to expand their knowledge and appreciate other cultures."

Tags:americans, ancestry, canadian, citizen, country, culture, democratic, diversification, ethics, foreign, globalization, government, heritage, identity, canada