Abstract
This paper recounts the role that Canadian pilots played in the Battle of Britain, helping the Royal Air Force achieve victory over the Luftwaffe. The paper praises their accomplishments and bravery. It illustrates how the Canadians were a major factor in Britain's victory. Canadians provided the machines, training, and pilots that won the battle for the airspace over Britain. The paper concludes that Canada gave a huge commitment to the Battle of Britain, and that without Canadian warplanes, training, and pilots, the Battle of Britain would not have turned out as an allied victory.

From the Paper
"As part of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, there was an all-Canadian squadron in the Royal Air Force with a Canadian commanding officer. The squadron had to be made up of only new recruits because none of the other commanders wanted to part with their Canadian fliers. One hundred Canadian pilots fought in the Battle of Britain. They accounted for 130 shot down, 30 planes that were probably shot down, but never confirmed and over 70 enemy aircraft damaged. This a high score for men that were not fighting over their own country, and were kept on constant alert for 5 months.The destruction and damage to the German aircraft kept countless bombs from falling as panicking aircrews dropped their bombs early to lighten their planes escape back over the English Channel. Johnny Kent's spectacular forty-on-one dogfight best demonstrates the bravery of the Canadian pilots. He managed to dodge the attackers and shoot down one fighter before returning to a safe hanger."

Tags:royal, air, force, British, German, fighter, pilot

Abstract
The paper examines how Canada played a large part in the bomber command offensive missions of the Allies against Germany. The paper examines what prompted the Allies to bomb non-military targets and carry out what many consider to be immoral missions and then discusses the argument of many, that the bomber command offensive missions were necessary for the Allies to win the war. The paper also looks at the research regarding these attacks and asserts that one cannot prove that the bomber command missions were necessary for the Allies to win the war. The paper contends that since these missions were greatly immoral, Canada should have refused to take part and should have concentrated their efforts towards other areas of warfare.

From the Paper
"During World War Two, the world witnessed the use of air warfare in numbers and consequence unlike any time before. The ideas of strategic air power started during the First World War. It was the Germans who thought of it first. British civilians were accustomed to being sheltered from the ravages of war as Britain was largely insulated by the English Channel. As a result the sight of German Zeppelin over London naturally frightened British civilians. The British made sure they were prepared when it came to the Second World War. They wanted to be ready to fight the battle in the air. Bomber Command was made up of groups of allied airmen who carried out a strategic bombing offensive on Germany in World War two. These Bomber Command attacks have become a highly debated topic of World War Two History. There are strong arguments to support both sides of the debate."

Tags:offensive, civilians, strikes, bombs

Abstract
This paper begins with an exploration of the various causes of WWII, focusing on the rapid increase in the strength and might of fascist leaders and on economic depression. The paper then turns to the participation of Canada in the war. It looks at Canada's motivation to participate, at Prime Minister King's policies and at specific battles in which Canadians were involved. The paper concludes with evaluations of the consequences of participation in the war for Canada.

From the Paper
"Second World War was a horrible event, which destroyed an entire generation and robbed millions of their dreams and hopes. This primary cause of this war was the rapid rise in the power and might of fascist regimes in Italy, Russia and Germany. Along with fascist power, it was the economic conditions of various European nations that gave the likes of Hitler a chance to turn their dream of world domination into a reality. This paper studies various causes of the Second World War and shed lights on Canada's participation in this war."

Tags:ww2

Abstract
In both wars Canada played a significant role militarily and economically. In World War I Canada emerged from the shadow of Great Britain and the Empire and emerged as an autonomous, self-governing dominion. In World War II Canada played a larger, and yet more autonomous role, reflected, in the post-war era in Canada's role in the formation of the UN and NATO.

Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's involvement, past and present, in the conflicts in the Middle East relative to other nations. The paper details the numerous conflicts in the Middle East over the years. The paper explores the contributions of other nations towards the Middle East peace process and demonstrates how the contributions of Canada, unlike many other nations, are effective, but silent.

From the Paper
"Past and present, the Middle East has been in a constant state of chaos, involving nations worldwide. Progressing negatively with no major improvement, many third parties, alongside the Arab nations, have put forth constant efforts, despite many failures, in an attempt to restore the Middle East to its once peaceful state. The active contributions by many nations, including the United States of America, and the Soviet Union, have been witnessed and recognized worldwide. The contributions of Canada, unlike the many other nations, are effective, but silent."

Tags:conflict, Israel, Egypt, Palestine, Yom, Kippur/Ramadan, War, Sinai, United, States, Soviet, Union

Abstract
Discussion of the history of CSIS in three sections, examining unique influencing forces in each era that led to changes and that have created the current organizational structure and operation of CSIS. Discussion of the creation of CSIS, a middle era and CSIS since the events of September 11.

From the Paper
"Any country in today's world that wishes to protect its interests and national security is essentially forced to develop some form of security and intelligence agency. For some countries with a history of dictatorship and autocratic traditions, such an agency comes easily, has free reign, and does not find itself tangled in a web of ethical considerations and balances between national security and individual rights and freedoms. For Western Democracies, which value individual rights, freedoms and civil liberties, the development and operation of security and intelligence agencies presents a much more complicated and delicate challenge. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) was created in 1984 after the RCMP Security Service failed to find a balance between civil liberties and national security (Rosen, 2000). The brief history of CSIS can be divided in many different ways to reflect changes in organization, leadership, mandate, power, and other influencing factors. For the purposes of this paper, CSIS will be examined in three major time periods. The transition from the RCMP Security Service to the establishment of CSIS (1979-1987), a middle period in which CSIS settled in and became more established as a government agency (1988-2001), and time since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Within these time frames, different aspects of change to the organization will be examined as well as the precipitating causal factors. Such an analysis will clearly show that CSIS is an organization, which is influenced heavily by environmental, political and global factors that change over time."

Tags:administration, canadian, cia, organizational, public, september, structure, terrorism

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of Canada's Department of National Defense and reviews the strategic direction and structural organization of the department as well as its history and development. Many tables, diagrams and graphs are included with the paper.

From the Paper
"...Thus, the overall mission and responsibilities of the Department of National Defense ultimately acts to uphold democracy, individual rights and freedoms, peace and order, good government, and a sustainable and stable economy..."

Tags:canada, case, defense, national, political, science, study, ministry

Abstract
Canada, while not a major military power, has a long and proud military history, including a far from peaceful past. A brief history of the origins of Canada's military in the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. It examines how these early developments helped form the type of army in existence today.

From the Paper
"Canada as such is not a nation possessed of a major military presence or historical traditions. the present day Canadian army officially traces its formal origins from those forces raised to replace the departing British garrisons after confederation in 1867 (1). Before this a formal Canadian Army as such did not exist, or did it? The purpose of this paper is to show that a formal regular military developed during the first decade of the nineteenth century. This force was in addition to the British Imperial garrisons and the militia, which had always existed. From the period just prior to the Conquest of New France in 170 up to the War of 1812, the military in Canada underwent a significant change both in quality and in resulting opinion of their American and European counterparts and superiors. "

Tags:1812, american, french, history, indian, revolution, war

Abstract
This paper outlines the historical development of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) and its present day organization and functioning. It discusses how the monitoring of security and intelligence issues within Canada has slowly evolved since the late 1800s before and after Confederation up until the current service which was formed in 1984. It examines how over the years the service has been riddled with controversy and difficulties in finding the very sensitive balance between the security of the nation and the highly valued civil liberties of Canadian citizens. It reviews the current mandate with the responsibility of reporting on any and all threats to the security of Canada and its accountability.

From the Paper
"In 1970, the RCMP Security Service Officers essentially had the "best" of both worlds for anyone wanting to act powerfully yet not be held accountable (Cleroux, 1990). While they retained all the legal abilities of an officer of the law, they were detached from the structure and policy of the RCMP force. Lacking any form of mandate to guide their security and intelligence responsibilities, policy decisions were left predominantly to be made by the high ranking RCMP officers who headed the Security Service (Cleroux, 1990). During the October Crisis of 1970 in Quebec, the Federal Government found itself without adequate information about the Separatist Movement within Quebec and directed the RCMP Security Service to take "pro-active" measures in order to determine the exact status, power and plans of the Quebec Nationalists (Rosen, 2000)."

Tags:terrorism, liberty

Abstract
This paper looks at how Canadian author Jonathan F. Vance's 1997 award-winning novel, "Death So Noble", is an example of an essential work in Canadian literature, one that is paramount in explaining Canada's involvement in the Great War of 1914-1918. In titling his work "Death So Noble", Vance suggests to his readers that dying in defense of one's nation is of the greatest nobility. It explains that, through examination of historical reviews regarding Canadian participation in the Great War, Jonathan Vance is able to derive a convincing argument pertaining to Canada's role through the eyes of its contemporaries.

From the Paper
"Throughout the novel, Vance is successful in presenting various techniques employed by the Canadian government, soldiers who fought in the war, and war-time contemporaries who remained in Canada during the war to create this "mythical" viewpoint of the Great War. Vance organizes the individual chapters in his book so that each chapter is used to discuss how different methods(ie. propaganda) that are used in painting the picture of progress, glory, and nationalism that hangs over the Canadian war effort. Vance cites examples of propaganda(21, 40, 118, 145, 177, and many others ) distributed by the government and the military to provide all Canadian citizens with the positive reinforcement the nation needs to come together in this time of crisis. All of this war-time propaganda does its part in conveying glory and enjoyment to the Canadian public."

Tags:1914, 1917, 1918, canada, conscription, didactic, effort, fight, fought, government, great, literature, nation, review, scholar, war, wwi