Abstract
This paper examines ways to stop Canadian trash from filling up our Michigan landfills and argues that the Michigan waste disposal companies are not justified in accepting trash from Canada and other states in Michigan landfills. Canadian trash and trash from other states is a major problem facing America's landfills today, and the author of this paper suggests we find new ways of dealing with waste, while finding new areas for landfills before the country's current landfills are exhausted.

From the Paper
"Thus, waste from other areas would have to meet strict criteria before it could enter the state, and this would cut down tremendously on the waste coming in from Canada and other areas, leaving our landfills open for our own waste, and not filling them up as quickly. The opposition to the bill comes from landfill owners and waste industry associations, who feel they should be able to accept waste from anywhere. Clearly, the two sides must come to an agreement, and the Senate must find out how the people of Michigan feel about the solid waste from other areas coming into Michigan for disposal."

Tags:SB, 98, Solid, Waste, Package

From the Paper
"Never Cry Wolf by Farley Mowat is a book that takes a young scientist and places him in the wild, where he has to develop a new conception of and relationship to the environment. In the course of this book, the young man learns a lesson about the real nature of the wild and about the way animals that belong in a given environment fit into the larger scheme of things. He also learns that people are often intruders who make false assumptions and who introduce a damaging and dangerous external influence into the environment so that efforts human beings might make to protect the environment could have the opposite effect.
Never Cry Wolf is the story of one isolated man, a scientist, facing a world he did not understand until he found himself in it. The central character is sent to the Arctic wild by the Canadian government to prove that wolves were decimating.."

Abstract
This paper examines the outbreak of e-coli in Walkerton, Ontario in 2000. It looks at its causes and effects. It also evaluates the recommendations of the Walkerton Inquiry.

Abstract
This paper looks at the current state of Pacific Coast salmon fisheries. The unique salmon lifecycle, the plight of the salmon in the face of human destruction of their habitat and over fishing, and the international implications involving Asian, American, Native, and Canadian commercial and recreational fishermen. This analysis extends to the economic tradeoff of short-term employment versus sustaining a species. Creating a sustainable environment is in everyone's best interest, but agreement on how to reach this goal is not easy to achieve. Most important is the threat of extinction of the species. Possible remedies are suggested and their implications highlighted.

Abstract
The paper examines the environmental issues in Lake Simcoe, one of the popular summer resort areas in southern Ontario. The paper discusses the effects of urbanization, recreation and water pollution on the lake and its marine life. The paper also shows how air pollution affects the lake, directly and indirectly. The paper calls for each one of us to do our part in the conservation effort.

Outline:
Introduction
Urban sprawl
Lake Simcoe and Recreation
Impact on Marine Life
Air Pollution on the Watershed
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Lake Simcoe is one of the popular summer resort areas in southern Ontario [1]. This body of water is located between the Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario and is often used for recreational boating and fishing [2]. The Lake Simcoe watershed and the Nattawassaga watershed are the two major sources feeding Lake Simcoe and cover 744 square kilometres surrounding most of the lake and is currently a hot spot for environmental action. Not only does the general population around the lake depend on it as their drinking water, but the lake itself is responsible for generating more than $200,000,000 per year in recreational revenue [4]. So it is disturbing to know that urbanization is leading to the pollution of the lake in terms of increasing levels of sewage, air pollution, and phosphorous among others [5]."

Tags:urban, sprawl, recreation, water, air, pollution

Abstract
This paper explains that the issues surrounding the massive Canadian Arctic region vary but have a direct impact on sovereignty and circumpolar cooperation of countries with respect to environmental issues. The paper then discusses these issues and how they put Canadian sovereignty at risk. The paper argues that must assert a presence in the Arctic region to prevent damage to a very sensitive and valuable ecosystem. By pressuring the international community not to make the Northwest Passage an international strait, Canada will achieve its goal.

From the Paper
"The idea of military influence in the north was not only seen in this era. The Cold War, in the post World War Two era focused on the two super powers of the United States and Soviet Union. Because of their nearness to one another circumpolarly, the United States developed the Distance Early Warning system, better known as DEW. The DEW system was a development of a series radar station in the far northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast and Alaska. It was set up to detect incoming Soviet bombers and missiles during the Cold War."

Tags:pipelines, non renewable resources, cooperation transboundary, boom bust cycle

Abstract
This essay deals with four areas which are causing Canadian National Parks to disappear--extreme government cut-backs, identity crisis, improper management and ecosystem destruction. It also suggests ways in which the government can change its polices to save these parks.

From the Paper
"Canadians look at the infamous National Park's landscape and see a vast and beautiful range of Canada at its best. Unfortunately, what one sees is often deceiving. The truth is that the state of Canada's National Parks is alarming. Entire species are disappearing, vegetation is being destroyed by development and urbanization, and the pristine lakes and rivers are being contaminated by pollution. The Canadian Government has not been fulfilling its managerial role in protecting the essential resources that are comprised in Canada's National Parks. The problems that have generated in the Park's system have often dismissed due to their seemingly insignificant characteristics. Unfortunately, all of the insignificant problems joined together to create a devastating picture of dysfunctionality of the National Parks. There are four pivotal points that have caused the Park's disastrous spiral aimed at oblivion. Extreme cuts to the Parks Canada's budget has forced them to compromise their principles on how the parks should be run, and resorted to doing what they could. Parks Canada has found itself in an extreme identity crisis, as financial pressures are pitting conflicting philosophies against one another. The Canadian Government is the root which many, if not all of the posing threats the National Parks has emerged from. Their improper management and mentality has potentially shattered any chance of Canada's ecosystem to flourish. Until the Canadian Government stops seeing the nation's national Parks yet another way to generate a clever income for their institution, the parks will continue to lose their ecological integrity until they fade from man's sight completely."

Tags:canada, crisis, cutbacks, degredation, forestry, government, identity, management, national, park

Abstract
This paper discusses the softwood lumber dispute between the U.S. and Canada which strained already hostile relations between the two neighbors. It examines the justification for the U.S. ?protective? tariffs for guarding their own lumber industry, while there are several hundred thousand Canadian forestry workers unemployed. It looks at the negotiations between the two countries with U.S. officials unwilling to compromise and evaluates whether the Canadian lumber industry survive under these restrictions imposed by its number one importer.

From the Paper
"The duties imposed adversely affect many while benefiting few. The seven million US workers employed by the housing and forest industries are virtually unaffected by the tariffs and the consumer price will only rise due to the tariffs. While the rise of housing costs in the US may be excused as a boom in the housing market, the real reason lies within its framing of more-expensive domestic lumber. Some Canadian mills have shifted from processing softwood lumber to processing specialized products, such as pallets, posts, and rails. The lower price at which the Canadian mills can supply, in comparison to US mills, has attracted the attention of the US consumer, therefore crippling a small part of the industry the duties were designed to protect."

Tags:environment, forestry, timber, duties

Abstract
This paper discusses the Arctic region in Canada and its sovereignty. It describes the many lucrative and economically viable opportunities that exist there. The paper then looks at the problem that exists in that the Arctic area is so vast and so fragile that not many expansions can take place without causing damage to the environment. The paper also discusses demographic problems in the area, but focuses on Canada's sovereignty issues there. In addition, the paper argues that Canada must assert a presence in the Arctic region to prevent damage to a very sensitive and valuable ecosystem. The paper concludes that the possible ramifications for Canada not asserting this presence could lead to poor sustainable development and possible disputes between circumpolar nations in the future.

From the Paper
"Military presence in the Arctic region is nothing unfamiliar, past and present. Events such as World War Two led to the construction of designated military bases, which brought about infrastructure to the Arctic region. An example of this infrastructure that was constructed in the Arctic is the Alaska Highway. This highway was completed in October of 1942 and stretches for two thousand four hundred and fifty kilometres (Grant, 1988). This huge undertaking was done mostly by the American government in secrecy. This was because Alaska was apart of the Northwest Staging Route that had aircraft travelling from the United States to the Soviet Union. It was seen as a "jumping off point" to aid the Allied troops in Europe. Many bridges needed to be built along the way and because it was war time there was a lack of man power as well as resources. So as a result, many bridges were disassembled in the southern parts of the United States and reassembled where they were needed along the Alaskan Highway route (Duerden, 2005). At this point in time, Canada would provide "right of ways", and waive import duties and taxes and allow the use of timber and gravel along the route. Canada would attain control of the highway in the Yukon, Alberta and British Columbia portions, six months after the war ended and it would become "an integral part of the Canadian highway system." (Grant, 1988) The negative impacts that the construction of these various airfields and roadways had on the ecosystems of the Arctic region was measurable. The ground that they were built on was permafrost, which is difficult to build on due to the heaving and uplifting that takes place when it freezes then thaws."

Tags:military infrastructure, Alaska highway

Abstract
This paper analyzes forestry as one of Canada's most important natural resources and focuses on the questions whether or not Canada?s forest resources can supply the world?s increasing demand for wood and wood products in a sustainable manner and what effect it will have on the Canadian economy.
Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. History

3. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Resource

4. Key Processes and Relationships of the Resource

5. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Resource Demands

6. Factors Influencing Resource Demands

7. Resource Use Patterns and Management Systems

8. Biophysical, Social and Economic Impacts of Use

9. Use Sustainability.

From the Paper
" The social impacts from the use of forests as a resource are also of major concern. There are many groups in Canadian society whose interests in the forest are based more on long term rather than short-term economic considerations. Included among such groups are aboriginal people, nature based tourism operators, rural water users, ranchers, trappers, small business owners in forest based communities, wilderness users, scientists, artists, educators and future generations of Canadians (Draper, 1998). Governments are expected to manage forests for the long term to benefit all of these people. If this does not happen the implications for these groups of people will be catastrophic. Already land settlement claims are pervasive throughout Canadian courts as aboriginal people attempt to claim the land they require to maintain their culturally distinct lives. "

Tags:clear, conservation, cut, cutting, ecosystems, environment, environmental, forest, growth, old, natural, paper, recreation, timber, wood, lumber, tree