Abstract
This paper looks at the emotional and cultural significance of the Stanley Cup in Canadian culture. The paper discusses the history of the Cup, as well its impact on local community and nationalism as evidenced by rioting and suicide reduction. Some of the reasons the paper suggests for this extreme significance are a quasi-religious attachment to sports in general and the socially significant role of sports as "ceremonial occasions.

From the Paper
"Winning is arguably the goal of any sport, but with some sporting events, whether you're playing or watching from the stands or your living room, there is so much more going on. If it's your favorite team, the underdog of the season you've been rooting for all along, or the Big Game of the season, sometimes that one game can be exhilarating or devastating beyond all others. This is especially the case when it's a championship game such as the Superbowl, World Series, or, as will be further discussed, the Stanley Cup."

Tags:stanley, cup, nationalism

Abstract
There are a few stereotypical images that spring to mind when one thinks of Canada's national identity, and hockey is inevitably one of them. Is this sport really a part of Canada's national identity, or has it become an empty corporate shell? This paper discusses the book "Hockey Night in Canada", by Richard Gruneau and David Whitson and the message it conveys about the Canadian cultural and national identity.

Tags:hockey, canada, culture

Abstract
Bidding for the right to host the Olympics is a subject of debate as a result of recent scandals and Toronto's direct involvement in an Olympic bid. Montreal's experience (1976) with the Olympics (costs and benefits) is examined initially. The Toronto process, in light of Canada's previous experience is then examined. Potential costs and benefits are identified.

Abstract
Proponents of Toronto's Olympic bid argue that it will be an economic windfall for the city directly and indirectly. Its opponents argue that it will be economically costly and that it represents misguided public policy and expenditure. The experience of another Olympic venue (Barcelona, 1992) is outlined and then the debate about potential costs and benefits for Toronto is examined.

Tags:CANADIAN STUDIES AND ISSUES / SPORTS, toronto olympic bid

Abstract
This report explores the question of whether women should be permitted to participate in all contact sports. A contextual analysis of this issue reveals that its assumptions are predicated upon historically-defined appropriate gender roles for women that are currently under revision in Western society. Given the increasing popularity of such sports among women, and interest in women's athletics in society in general, it recommends that participation be permitted with the caveat that they can only compete with other female athletes in these contact sports.

Tags:sport, women, gender

Abstract
This seven-page undergraduate paper consists of the one argument for, and the many arguments against Toronto's bid for the Olympic Games. The main argument is that the Olympics only benefit the small rich group in a city.

Abstract
The paper gives a brief history of the many great sporting moments that all Canadians will remember, while showing some of the blunders which have given hockey and Canadians a black eye.

From the Paper
"Throughout Canada's history, there have been numerous great and not so great hockey moments. Canada's domination in this sport is something that many, if not all, Canadian's take great pride and joy in. For the past century or so, Canadian families would gather together by their radio or television and watch or listen to their homegrown hockey stars take to the ice. Unfortunately there are also some blemishes on Canada's hockey history. There have been many moments in which some were disgraced to be known as a Canadian hockey fan. Nevertheless, Canada has always been, and always will be a large piece of Canadian culture."

Tags:pride, trophey, medal, cup, Russia, mob, fans, riots

Abstract
This paper examines the impact that sport had on Canadian society since the rise of its popularity in the early 20th century. It examines both the social and economic angle of this phenomenon. It looks at how the increase in participation of new games led to the birth of new manufacturers that were devoted to the production of such items as sporting equipment and propaganda.

From the Paper
"The early part of the twentieth century saw the growth and development of many new sports and games in Canada. However, not all of the games that took off in the twentieth century were brand new. One of the first events that signified the organization of a sport in Canada was the formation of the Montreal Curling Club in 1807 by twenty Scottish citizens.1 Lacrosse, which was originally played by native peoples, also held a significant place in sports history. On August 1, 1833, the Montreal Gazette reported the first reference to a game of lacrosse in an article that described an all-Indian game which was actually being used as an initiation ceremony for new chiefs.2 By late 1867, after Confederation, lacrosse was beginning to be enjoyed at a national level; it was referred to as the "the National Game" in some newspapers, and valued more than cricket, which was also popular at the time but was imported from Beaupre 2 Europe.3 In the spring of 1867, there were about ten lacrosse clubs in Canada; by the end of October there were eighty teams with some two thousand members.4 This led to the creation of the National Lacrosse Association which was a landmark in the history of Canadian sport and helped build a sense of unity and shared pride in the year of Confederation. The success and popularity of lacrosse continued into the 20th century, however, many players and fans found that the summer season was all too short for playing lacrosse. Because of this, some players experimented with lacrosse on ice to prolong the season, but when this proved to be unsuccessful more and more athletes turned to hockey for their winter sport and some never came back.5 By the year 1914, the glorious years of lacrosse were drawing to a close, partially because the battle between amateur ideology and commercial forces interfered with the promotion and development of the sport."

Tags:early, history, hockey, lacrosse

Abstract
This paper discusses early mountain recreation in Canada with a focus on the activities on Hollyburn Ridge, British Columbia. It first describes the effects of climate, geography and natural resources on the history and development of recreation in Canada. The paper then argues that the activities of the pioneers of recreational sport run parallel to national historic highlights in the establishment of Canada as a nation and therefore are key in the building of the nation. The paper contains a map and photographs in an appendix.

From the Paper
"In conclusion, the scenic beauty and natural wonders of snow covered mountains have long been to people a compelling force. The development of Canadian mountain recreation parallels the development of Canada as a country. This is evident specifically in the areas of economics, the role of immigrants and women, the Canadian Pacific Railway, The Cold War, The Great Depression, and the emerging environmental movement. Participation was a quest for freedom and spiritual renewal. The activities of everyday Canadians from coast to coast who participated in mountain climbs, skiing and cabin building played a role in Canada as it made the complex climb to become a nation."

Tags:climate, skiing, sport, ski-jump

Abstract
The paper looks at multi-ethnicity in Canada and at what unifies this nation. It focuses on the sport of hockey as an important component of the country's national identity. It looks at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and its struggle for identity, claiming that when it broadcasted its first "Hockey Night" in Canada, it found it's "true being". The paper explores the origin and importance of CBC's "Hockey Night" to national unity. It explains how the program crossed the boundaries of young and old, rich and poor, urban and rural, French and English, east and west. The paper also discusses the controversial aspect of the program's time slot, overlapping the national news. The status of the program as a source of education is mentioned and the paper concludes with a review of the contribution of CBC's "Hockey Night" to the national identity of Canadians.

From the Paper
"Canada is comprised of many different cultures, spread over a vast geographical region. The only way for all these different types of people all over Canada to create a cohesive united nation to dwell on the similarities, which are shared amongst the majority. Cultural identity, it could be said can found when a whole nation can share in and care about a similar subject. For Canada this sense of national identity is represented by the sport of hockey. In any social or academic setting where the topic of discussion is Canadian identity the lists always begin with peacekeeping and multiculturalism and always come back to hockey. Some may say hockey is only a symbol of Canadian identity, and is no different then a moose, a beaver, or long winters. Hockey however has more then a symbolic animal because hockey gives a spirit of unification and it is here where our country has celebrated some of its greatest victories and most horrifying defeats. The love of the sport of hockey may not be shared by all Canadian citizens, but it is certainly been loved and adored by many since its beginnings in Montreal in 1875."

Tags:unity, origin, imoprtance, time, slot, education, canadian, Foster, Hewitt, Ron, MacLean, Don, Cherry