Abstract
The paper identifies some of the financial, physical, social and emotional risks to children in environments of parental substance abuse and addiction. The paper explores the real impact of these risks on future delinquency and looks at some interventions that are implemented to intercept or prevent these experiences for children and families. The paper also shows how parents have a tremendous responsibility in warding off social and emotional factors that lead to delinquency.

Outline:
Exploring Childhood Experiences in Substance Abusing Environments
Intervention Strategies in Addictive Homes
Learned Delinquency
Creating Change

From the Paper
"Parental addiction has three distinct developmental costs for children: first, is the loss of emotional and behavioral predictability (Chambers, 2005). Addicted parents exhibit poor judgment and impaired thinking. Their lifestyles are characterized by ongoing disputes, disruption, dissolution, brief reconciliations and overall continual transition, which confuse and disappoint children. Most children in these environments witness violence from modeled aggression (Jablonska, & Lindberg, 2007). Such bantering leaves both parents unavailable for children. Their behaviors towards their children are distant, strict, and with little or no supervision. As a result children receive scant support, affection, and direction (Ali, & Munaf, 2006)."

Tags:children, violence, rejection, abuse, neglect, crime, isolation, drugs, interventions

Abstract
This paper is about the effects of child abuse and discusses various aspects in detail, as well as discussing possible causes. The author looks at how society needs to focus on warning signs, the behavior of abused children, and the special attention that mistreated children need. The paper pays close attention to social, psychological, and physical disorders that affect abused children.

From the Paper
"Children from the ages of twelve to seventeen years of age experience more than twice the violent crime as adults in America . Horrifying cases of abuse and neglect have flooded the media, which have caused great concern by public interest groups and politicians. The greatest concerns most have are the effects these terrible crimes have on our youth. David Finkelhor, a sociologist at the University of New Hampshire , believes that we know too little about child abuse and what damage it may cause. He contends that if we better understood the effects of child victimization, we would be more able to identify and prevent it."

Tags:children, development, disorders, neglect, peltzer, psychology, sociology

Abstract
This paper looks at the style of writing and the tale of infanticide in this work of Boyle's. The paper discusses the innocuous sounding title followed by an extremely gruesome tale regaled in the first person. It analyzes the boy's actions and his self-belief that he is committing this act out of love rather than fear or resentment.

From the paper:

"The story of "The Love of My Life" by T. Coraghessan Boyle, the author sets up a series of expectations by the reader that he subsequently and systematically subverts over the course of the narrative. Both the subject and plot of what transpires in flashback and the piecemeal, postmodern first-person narrative style enable the author to achieve this desired effect. This effect is also achieved as well by the grotesque and destabilizing language unconsciously used by the narrative 'I.' (117-133)

"When a reader learns that the title of a short story is "The Love of My Life," certain associations are immediately created in his or her mind. Such a title is not ambiguous, like a story with a one-word name."

Tags:narrative, teenage, love, kill, baby

Abstract
This paper discusses child abuse and statistics regarding this phenomenon. Some historical perspective is given to explain the roots of child abuse. The author devotes attention to psychological damage inflicted upon children.

From the Paper
"Each day that we sit here blinded by our own reality three children die in the hands of abusers (Parents facing up to child abuse 1). The general definition of child abuse is nonaccidental injuries as a result of physical assault or the failure to protect the children by their caretakers (Wolfe 15). It's common knowledge that child abuse is the nations number one killer of children under the age of five. In 1998, about 900,000 children in the United States were confirmed to have been abused. In 1999, the state of Texas had 39,488 confirmed victims (Parents facing up to child abuse 1)."

Tags:parent, psychology

Abstract
The paper discusses how a family environment that fosters domestic violence, primarily against the mother, may positively or negatively impact on the health and care of children who have witnessed such violence. In addition, the paper looks at how nurses can enhance the well being of children and reduce short and long-term adverse effects. The paper reviews professional, ethical and legal boundaries that may affect the nurse's interaction with the child and family through the use of and critical analysis of supportive literature.

From the Paper
" Such referrals must meet the financial, cultural, and transportation needs of the family. In screening patients at the onset of the health history, allows them to know that I am knowledgeable about the topic, I understand the seriousness of abuse, I want to help, I can help when they are ready and I have the appropriate resources to offer. In addition, I will not screen a patient if a partner refuses to leave the room, if I cannot find a private, safe space, if I have concerns that in screening the patient I am making her and her children unsafe or I cannot provide a proper interpreter. It is essential that patients feel protected and understand that the nurse asking about violence is an intervention unto itself."

Tags:childcare, providers, health, history, physical, ailments

Abstract
This paper reports on the negative, emotional, psychological, and even physical consequences that result from the use of corporal punishment as a form of discipline for children. The paper cites studies that show how ineffective corporal punishment is as a method for teaching discipline and lessons on morality and how it actually achieves just the opposite of its intended purpose.

From the Paper
"In a core survey of 10 childhood development experts for his book How to Help Your Child Develop Successfully, B. Von Haller Gilmer reports that 80% of his interviewees stated that " an occassional spanking is a good thing when 'given moderately, juslty, and when other forms of discipline prove ineffective' " (Gilmer, 1951 p.86). However, when asked if corporal punishment is an effective tool which should be implemented on a consistent basis, nearly all of his experts (including the above 80%) demonstrated a consensus that physical discipline should not be a routine component of parental control. These experts, a panel of scholars and writers in the field of child psychology state that " spanking should rarely, if ever, be necessary in the well-trained child, no physical punishment should be used until the plan of denying rewards has failed to cope with the problem," and physical punishment should bot be used as " a regular method of controlling the child" (Gilmer, 1951 p.86). Repeated use of corporal punishment is advocated by none of these authorities, and even the 80% who offer that an occasional spanking may be helpful maintain that this mode of discipline should be a last resort (Gilmer, 1951). An overarching sentiment that physical punitive discipline should be avoided as much as possible pervades the responses of nearly all of the specialists participating in this study."

Tags:child-rearing, program, development, respect, adult, position, problems, pain, embarrassment

Abstract
This paper explores four types of child abuse: physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. It includes definitions, descriptions, and case studies, as well as the cyclical nature of abuse. The paper explores how child abuse can be prevented and how to get help for those who have already been affected by child abuse. The paper concludes with the author's personal reaction to child abuse.

From the Paper
"According to statistics from 1998, 78% of all child abuse in the United States is committed by birth parents. Physical abuse is carried out relatively equally by mothers and fathers. Sexual abuse, in 90% of the cases, is perpetrated by a man, but most often the man is not the father but an adult who has an ongoing relationship with and access to the child. In 87% of neglect, the mother is the neglectful parent (Morales, 1998). A study done in North Carolina from 1985-1994, found that most perpetrators of child abuse are biological parents (almost equal between the mother and father). Other people who are likely to commit the child abuse are relatives, friends, baby-sitters, mother's boyfriends, and stepfathers (Herman-Giddens, 1999)."

Tags:alcoholism, neglect, depression

Abstract
The paper states that the topic of recovered memories and false memories with respect to childhood sexual abuse is closely connected to memory issues of amnesia and delayed recall. The paper comments that although it is impossible to determine exactly how common amnesia and delayed recall are in cases of child sexual abuse, research does indicate that both phenomena occur with respect to child sexual abuse. The paper suggests that one explanation for why it does not occur, may be related to the types of abuse experience, in that repeated abuse may be more likely to cause amnesia or delayed recall.

Outline:
Introduction
Research concerning child sexual abuse and amnesia
Disagreement of the literature
Amnesia
Delayed Recall
Prevalence
- problems with determining prevalence
Suggested Explanations
- Type of Trauma
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The literature is also somewhat convoluted on the subject, as some researchers find traumatic events are encoded in more detail than non traumatic events, while others find that traumatic events are forgotten altogether. Such is the case when amnesia occurs. Amnesia refers to a loss of memory, most often of declarative memory as opposed to procedural memory (how to tie your shoe laces) (Colman, 2003). Although vivid intrusions of traumatic images and sensations are some of the most dramatic expressions of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a disorder commonly associated with childhood sexual abuse, the loss of recollections for traumatic experiences is also well documented. Research suggests that for some victims of trauma, having no recall of the abuse is based on more than just ordinary forgetting associated with the passage of time, their young age at the time of trauma, or lack of salience of the traumatic event"

Tags:trauma, child, brutalization, sexual, abuse, memories

Abstract
Teenage pregnancy and childbearing are key factors leading teenage mothers into disadvantaged lives. This paper discusses the negative effects of pregnancy on a teenager's life. It looks at how this effects a teenager's family life, education, social life, and the future prospect for the baby.

From the Paper
"Women who give birth as teenagers share many similarities prior to becoming pregnant in terms of family background, racial/ethnic profile and education (Bissel, 2000). These factors will attempt to present fundamental issues related to teen pregnancy and childbearing (Bissel, 2000). The consequences of teenage pregnancy and childbearing in the lives of young women in five different countries will be examined as well (Bissel, 2000)."

Tags:babies, early, teenagers, years, birth, child, abuse

Abstract
Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. This paper advocates that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by essentially "incurable" predators. It puts forward the proposal that if people were assured a harsh punishment if they were to commit a crime, they would be less likely to be able to justify their criminal actions as being "worth the risk". It discusses the holes in current legislation and how offenders are often not required to undergo sex offender treatment or evaluation and they are released into the community without being forced to adhere to sex offender registration laws and evaluates Megan's law. Megan's Law refers to the series of laws introduced in New Jersey following the murder of seven year-old Megan Kanka who was kidnapped, raped and murdered by her neighbor, a twice convicted sex offender who had committed a similar crime only months before. It analyzes the increasing public awareness and concern about crime together with intense media focus on the issue.

From the Paper
"According to Princeton University professor John DeIulio, "almost half of the country's 671,000 parolees and probationers are caught committing serious new offenses within three years" (Feinsilber, 1997). Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. For this reason we should not allow these dangerous criminals to terrorize our neighborhoods, schools and homes. It is therefore my contention that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by these essentially "incurable" predators."

Tags:child, deviants, law, legal, molesters, rapists, sexual, megan, criminals