Abstract
This paper reports on the negative, emotional, psychological, and even physical consequences that result from the use of corporal punishment as a form of discipline for children. The paper cites studies that show how ineffective corporal punishment is as a method for teaching discipline and lessons on morality and how it actually achieves just the opposite of its intended purpose.

From the Paper
"In a core survey of 10 childhood development experts for his book How to Help Your Child Develop Successfully, B. Von Haller Gilmer reports that 80% of his interviewees stated that " an occassional spanking is a good thing when 'given moderately, juslty, and when other forms of discipline prove ineffective' " (Gilmer, 1951 p.86). However, when asked if corporal punishment is an effective tool which should be implemented on a consistent basis, nearly all of his experts (including the above 80%) demonstrated a consensus that physical discipline should not be a routine component of parental control. These experts, a panel of scholars and writers in the field of child psychology state that " spanking should rarely, if ever, be necessary in the well-trained child, no physical punishment should be used until the plan of denying rewards has failed to cope with the problem," and physical punishment should bot be used as " a regular method of controlling the child" (Gilmer, 1951 p.86). Repeated use of corporal punishment is advocated by none of these authorities, and even the 80% who offer that an occasional spanking may be helpful maintain that this mode of discipline should be a last resort (Gilmer, 1951). An overarching sentiment that physical punitive discipline should be avoided as much as possible pervades the responses of nearly all of the specialists participating in this study."

Tags:child-rearing, program, development, respect, adult, position, problems, pain, embarrassment

Abstract
The mother-daughter tale is a relatively new phenomenon in literature, which has not yet been defined by any particular characteristics. This essay proposes three essential characteristics of a such a tale: estrangement between the mother and the daughter, a crisis which brings the mother and the daughter together, and the daughter's epiphany. Furthermore, the essay applies these characteristics in comparing the two novels at hand, "One True Thing" by Anna Quindlen and "The Joy Luck Club" by Amy Tam.

From the Paper
"Similarly, The Joy Luck Club, a novel by Amy Tam, is a collection of sixteen separate stories about four mothers and each of their daughters. The mothers, who were are all born in China, struggle to teach their Americanized daughters the valuable truths that they have accumulated through life's experiences. The estrangement between the mothers and daughters in The Joy Luck Club is the product of their cultural difference. For example, when playing Mah-Jongg with the Aunties, her deceased mother's friends, June comments on the nature of all of the Aunties' relationships with their daughters. "In me they see their own daughters, just as ignorant, just as unmindful of all the truths and hopes they have brought to America. They see daughters who grow impatient when mothers talk in Chinese, who think they are stupid when they explain things in fractured English" (Tam, 31). The cultural difference between the mothers and their daughters is a barrier that impedes their communication and understanding of each other. In their daughters, the mothers are reminded of the false hopes and dreams that brought them to America. While in their mothers, the daughters are confronted with a culture and philosophy of life that they don't understand being born and raised in America. Due to this, the mothers and daughters in the novel share estranged relationships."

Tags:crisis, family, Waverley, Jong

Abstract
The paper discusses how a family environment that fosters domestic violence, primarily against the mother, may positively or negatively impact on the health and care of children who have witnessed such violence. In addition, the paper looks at how nurses can enhance the well being of children and reduce short and long-term adverse effects. The paper reviews professional, ethical and legal boundaries that may affect the nurse's interaction with the child and family through the use of and critical analysis of supportive literature.

From the Paper
" Such referrals must meet the financial, cultural, and transportation needs of the family. In screening patients at the onset of the health history, allows them to know that I am knowledgeable about the topic, I understand the seriousness of abuse, I want to help, I can help when they are ready and I have the appropriate resources to offer. In addition, I will not screen a patient if a partner refuses to leave the room, if I cannot find a private, safe space, if I have concerns that in screening the patient I am making her and her children unsafe or I cannot provide a proper interpreter. It is essential that patients feel protected and understand that the nurse asking about violence is an intervention unto itself."

Tags:childcare, providers, health, history, physical, ailments

Abstract
This paper describes the traditional nuclear family as a mother, a working father and their biological or adopted descendants. The paper then summarizes the history of this family model. The paper then points out that there are also alternative family types such as childless families, same-sex or opposite-sex partners, families with same-sex parents, single parents, grandparents and a variety of relatives and friends and that the most common nuclear family today consists of two working parents. The paper concludes that, despite the fact that the myth of the model family is challenged on many fronts within society, it continues to exist as a strongly held belief within society.

From the Paper
"These variations in the format of families with respect to roles provide a great deal of information about changes in gender role behaviours within the family context over history. While it used to be expected that women would perform household duties and childcare, while men took care of the financial aspects of a family's existence, today it is much more common for the division of labour not to be arbitrarily determined by gender. Despite this, women do still complete the majority of housework and childcare within the United States."

Tags:generations survival same-sex, right winged conservatives, diversity

Abstract
This paper considers how mass media texts are encoded with many levels of meaning, all of which are consciously constructed, and how these representations of meaning are understood in various ways by audiences. It does so by examining how gender is represented in the context of the protagonist of the show Family Guy and his interactions with those around him.

From the Paper
"The text which I have chosen to discuss is Fox-Tv's series "Family Guy" which aired from April 1999 to about February 2002. It is essentially an animated Sit-Com depicting white middle class American suburbia in contemporary times. The focus of the show is on one man, the "head" of a family, and his interactions with himself, his family, his neighbors, and the world around him."

Tags:decode, encode, family, gender, guy, mass, media, representation, texts

Abstract
This paper outlines a family's experience with pediatric episodic illness. It includes objective and subjective impressions on hospitalization, context of the situation as well as transition back to their home after the acute hospitalization of their children.

From the Paper
"Episodic illness is also known as acute illness. Du Gas defines acute illness as " pertaining to a condition with a sudden, severe onset and a relatively short course ". Episodic illnesses with the younger pediatric population tend to evoke more concern with parents and health care professionals because of their still developing immune systems and susceptibility to complications. The family used for this assignment is considered to be nuclear, and is made up of Mr. and Mrs. "L", and their daughter "M". "M" is a two-year-old who was admitted to Mount Saint Joseph's Children's ward with an upper respiratory infection. Mr. and Mrs. "L" are in their generative or child rearing stage, and according to Erikson's developmental theory, "M" is in her autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage (Wong, D., 1999). Throughout her hospital stay, "M" was playful, happy and very cooperative. She has an astonishing vocabulary for her age, and is capable of doing much for herself. This may be due in part to her authoritative parents. According to Donna Wong, authoritative parents "combine practices from both of the foregoing extremes (passive and authoritarian). They direct their children's behavior and attitudes by emphasizing the reason for rules and negatively reinforcing deviations." (p.95)."

Tags:acute, care, health, hospital, nursing

Abstract
This paper aims at researching boot camps in an effort to go beyond the overly simplistic media portrayal, to clarify the who, what, when, where and why of the issue. The paper illustrates all the issues involved in the designing of a successful boot camp which will allow for maximal societal adjustment of juvenile criminals and minimal recidivism. The writer outlines the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of boot camps and discusses the future of boot camps.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The History of Juvenile Boot Camps
What is a Boot Camp?
Why Do Juvenile Boot Camps Exist?
Who Occupies Juvenile Boot Camps?
Where Are Juvenile Boot Camps?
Boot Camp Design
A Made-In-Ontario Solution: Canada's First Juvenile Boot Camp
Types of Offenders
Youth Demographics
Factors Associated with Delinquency
The Effectiveness of Boot Camps
The Ineffectiveness of Boot Camps
The Negative Impact of Boot Camps
Boot Camps as a Less Costly Alternative to Incarceration
Positive Impacts on Behavior
Aftercare
Public Response and Boot Camps
The Future of Boot Camps
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"If the average North American were to rely solely on the media for accurate information about youth crime, we would have a continent of misinformed people. The media would like us to believe that there is an epidemic of youth crime despite extensive evidence to the contrary. This media attention, however inaccurate, has led the public to demand the justice system deal more harshly with young offenders. The result of this public outcry was the establishment of boot camps for juvenile offenders."

Tags:juvenile, offenders, jail, justice, violence, delinquency, therapy, recidivism, education

Abstract
This paper describes differing styles parents used to bring up children. The author focuses on his own experience, stating that he thinks the authoritative style is the best. The paper also presents information from various studies that have been carried out on this subject.

From the Paper
"Parenting styles have a profound impact on development. The way an individual is raised is often displayed in the ways in which they act and raise their own children. Studies have shown that in most cases, if an individual was raised in a certain way, they will raise their own children that same particular way. Furthermore, I feel that in mental health settings, an individual will be more receptive to a type of counseling which may be similar to the method in which they were raised.
"My parents were unquestionably authoritative parents. An authoritative parent is "firm, setting clear and consistent limits... they are loving and emotionally supportive" (Feldman, 2008, p.278). I feel this way because they would always give me my options. If I were doing something wrong they would give me the choice - either to keep doing what I was doing and face a consequence or to stop the behavior and I would not face a consequence. They would always take the time to explain things; as in telling me why something was wrong, e.g. if you keep your shoes on in the house you will make it more dirty, and this will make more work for all of us."

Tags:children, authoritative, supportive

Abstract
This paper examines how with the increasing visibility of gays and lesbians in society, religious leaders, child psychologists, and other professionals are beginning to question whether children raised by a gay or lesbian couple will function the same as children raised by heterosexual couples. It looks at how there are many arguments against same sex couples raising children and how these arguments come from the religious community.

From the Paper
"It is evident that the traditional nuclear family has changed. It is no longer just mother, father and child. The family has become single parents, biracial couples; blended families, communal living, and homosexual couples are only a few among others. In the last decade Canada has seen a huge change in the legal and social status of lesbians and gay men. They are now able to marry divorce, adopt and have custody of children. Same sex marriage is now legal in parts of the world. Many believe this kind of unions is redefining what marriage and family is. It is true the number of same-sex families in Canada is unknown because the statistics Canada census "does not distinguish between unrelated individuals sharing living quarters and those who have a sexual relationship. "

Tags:children, love, parent, gay, lesbian

Abstract
This paper evaluates the reasons for non-parental child care in today's day and age due to demographic changes in the structure of the family and the need for mother's to work. It examines the results of several surveys on the direct effect of this type of care on child development and outlines the options which are available to families who are concerned for their child's early development, but are also in need of two incomes.

From the Paper
"Historical changes in family and economic trends have created the need for non-parental child care through a number of different societal changes. The move of families from the farms to urban settings and increased school attendance for children resulted in a reduced need for the mother to remain at home. Over time more women have been joining the work force, which has lead to an increase of financially independent women as well as less financial interdependence between wives and husbands. Society has also witnessed increased levels of divorce and children born out of wedlock. These changes in social trends have resulted in the majority of children living in one parent families or dual-earner families, which has consequently created an increased number of children requiring non-parental care for a large portion of each working day (Hernandez, 1995.)"

Tags:mother, work, force, child, care, facility, environment, society