Abstract
The paper explains Jean Jacques Rousseau's concept of utilitarianism and discusses the adjustments that have been made to the civil liberties of American citizens in order to maintain the greater good and protect society from further terrorist attacks. As an example of these adjustments, the paper discusses the homeland security changes in airports around the world and the use of technology to scan luggage as well as humans. The paper then explains why the passenger scanning could be a possible invasion of privacy and thus proposes that technology should make these scanning processes more efficient.

From the Paper
"Democratic American society should more or less functions on the concept of Rousseau's social contract and utilitarian principles (Rousseau, 1762). The social contract dictates that citizens agree to give up a certain number of their civil liberties and freedom in exchange for services provided by the government (Rousseau, 1762). These services include basic services, public funding, the operation of government, as well as security, or in the case of the United States, Homeland Security. Utilitarianism is a philosophical principle that is intended to guide the government's actions based on the removal of specific liberties from citizens. The principle is an understanding that something should only proceed when it is beneficial to the greater good. Thus, the goal of utilitarianism is to find solutions that have the greatest amount of benefit for the general population, and the least amount of cost or disadvantages for any one individual (McCaughan, 2005)."

Tags:utilitarianism, x-ray, machines, searches, privacy

Abstract
The paper examines one unique facet of terrorism, cyberterrorism, as a threat to national sovereignty. The paper contends that information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide potentially invaluable tools for the aims of cyberterrorism, and constitute a vulnerability before the independence of the modern state. The paper discusses the extent of that vulnerability, and identifies areas worthy of further examination.

Introduction
Thesis
Worst Case Scenario
How Cyberterrorism Will Impact Sovereignty
Recruitment to Terrorist Ideologies
Propaganda/Deliberate Misinformation
Attack(s) On Critical Infrastructure
Sovereign Borders Support Terrorism
Extent of Vulnerability/Risks to Sovereignty
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Cybercrime is not necessarily cyberterrorism. One must resist the temptation to sensationalize criminal acts that involve computer hardware or software with this term. Cybercrime is not necessarily cyberterrorism; criminal activity conducted for financial/personal or some other benefit. Cyberterrorism and other terrorism-based activities are measured in terms of loss (physical, emotional, life) rather than gain. The distinction between the two terms is an important one, and the waters of clarity are often muddied by media reporting and attempted sensationalism. Circulation and viewing audiences will react with increased interest when the term 'cyberterrorism' is invoked. It is difficult to resist the temptation to sensationalize criminal acts that involve computer hardware or software with the term 'cyberterrorism'."

Tags:public, policy, decision, Islamic, fundamentalism, public, resilience, liabilities, vulnerabilities

Abstract
This paper examines the recent breakthrough in genetics and reproductive technologies. It questions that , as a society, are we ready for these advancements. The paper argues that genetic engineering has great potential, which outweighs the risks, and it illustrates both sides of the argument in order to appreciate the promise and danger associated with these new genetic and reproductive technologies.

From the Paper
"The advancements that have come in the field of genetics and human reproduction are probably amongst the most controversial which have arisen in the history of the human race. These advancements actually present us with ways that we can redefine the human race itself. The mapping of the human genome, the possibility for human cloning, the developments that have arisen in the field of assisted fertilization, and the general idea of engineering human beings in order to fight diseases and other negative human conditions, have raised many, many arguments. Never before have we had so much control over our future and our nature. There are many promises that have been made in support of the development of reproductive technologies, all of which point to a better world as the result of the advancements that have been made. There have also been many people who have voiced opposition to the advancements, as they feel that they will result in negative affects that would undermine our entire system of values and ethics.The thesis of this paper is that the developments in human reproductive technologies are very important and offer us many benefits, but we are not completely ready either socially or technologically to deal with the advancements that have come so quickly."

Tags:cloning, fertilization, surrogate

Abstract
This paper argues that the negative aspects of globalization are countered by the positive benefits of global technologies. It addresses the positive effects in the areas of satellite, health, agricultural and communications technologies. and their positive impact on the third world. The paper identifies the potential for global technologies to promote equity and justice on a large scale.

From the Paper
"The idea that at present there has been no global advantages of the new technology is one that is debatable. There have been countless applications of technology world wide and these have translated in many cases to positive progress. Take for example global communications and satellite technologies. These have serves to remove the boundaries of time and space in order to enable a free flow of information. While these technologies are not available to everyone in the world (in particular to those who are citizens of the Third World), most people have felt their effects, and to a large extent these effects have been positive. In terms of communications technologies, for example, Third World nations must necessarily benefit from wireless technologies which eliminate the need for an established infrastructure. This is evident in the report titled "New Generation Technology Meets Third World Health Needs" (http://allafrica.com/stories/200103010191), in which the authors describe the benefits of cellular and digital technology in remote areas of Africa, "Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) enabled cellphones to allow doctors to receive detailed laboratory test results on the same day that samples were sent off. This was reportedly a first for the area, which is not serves by power or telephone lines. The doctors at the six clinics involved in the pilot project are now using the cellphones extensively" (http:// allafrica.com/stories/200103010191). This is true progress, in which the technology developed in industrialized countries are being applied in ways that transcend the barriers that confront people trying to make a difference in the Third World."

Tags:globalization, telecommunications

Abstract
The paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen and ethanol and determines that hydrogen is not a feasible alternative fuel until technology is developed to hold higher quantities. The paper explains why ethanol is the better alternative of the two and concludes that if we adopt ethanol as the fuel of the future, we are sure to have a cleaner and greener earth. The paper includes full color images.

Outline:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen Transportation and Distribution
Production of Ethanol
Storage of Ethanol
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Hydrogen is one of the many competitors looking to replace gasoline at the pumps. It has many advantages over an ethanol fuel, hydrogen requires less heat to ignite than ethanol, which means that more energy is used for powering the vehicle as opposed to igniting the fuel. (2006) In addition, its flame gives off much less radiant heat than a hydrocarbons flame, yet the flame is just as hot. (2006) Hydrogen's energy produced per unit of mass is larger than that of hydrocarbon fuels by a factor of 2.8. (Snyder, 2006). The higher specific energy means that the car can produce more heat energy for the same amount of fuel mass."

Tags:transport, pipelines, trucks, tankers, energy, density, production

Abstract
This paper examines an article by Collins called "Adolescent Females and Computers". It discusses how young females are marginalized in the computer world because of education policies relating to computer instruction in schools.

From the Paper
"Computers are relics of patriarchal, capitalist society that a fixation on cars, women's bodies, and destructive technology. Those who design hardware, software, and networks, support, service them, and teach about them are predominately men. Women are in the global production lines of the computer industry, in data entry, and in secretarial positions (Alvarez 120). They assemble unsymmetricaly in those areas of computer technology that are low paying, repetitive, and mechanistic. Women have the least influence and power over what kinds of technologies are produced and for what purposes (Hynes 173-174). Women are more often users or consumers of technology, while men are its designers. Technologies are not gender neutral, computers are made by men for men."

Tags:school, education, policy

Abstract
Intelligent systems are becoming increasingly important in deep space missions, especially missions to Mars. This paper covers three intelligent technologies: (1) The intelligent space ship 'Deep Space One' and its autonomous navigation system; (2) The Mars global surveyor and the deep space terminal and (3) The 'Sojourner' and Rocky 7 and 8 rovers.
The paper includes illustrations.

From the Paper
"Deep Space One marked the first mission of NASA's New Millennium Program which is aimed at testing highly advanced technologies for low-cost planetary missions [3]. The key component being tested by the mission was its AutoNav system. AutoNav is made up of three main tools: the Nav Main (simply Nav), the Nav Executive (NavExec) and the Nav Real-Time (NavRT). Nav and NavRT have architectures very similar to those of expert systems where decisions are based on algorithms built on sets of well defined rules. As well its decisions are supported by information gathered autonomously. In that respect it is very similar to the path planning software used in planetary rovers, which will be discussed later."

Tags:computer, nasa, robotics, viking

Abstract
This paper is about how society has changed due to technology and how much humans depend on technology and what a big part of our lives it is. It discusses how the technological revolution has changed the way we function and looks at our dependency on technology in our day-to-day lives.

From the Paper
"Only a few years ago we were not able to pick up the phone and call our neighbors without the operator's assistance. Parents would have to send telegrams to there children at college to go to the central post office to receive their long-distance phone call. But today is much different. We have come a long way with our new technological advancements. We have gone far beyond just being able to direct dial any country in the world. Going a day without cellular phones, fax machines, computers, and satellites would pose a great challenge. Society has quickly moved into the information age. The information age is a time in which the internet has provided us with endless amounts of information. With the Internet, we have instant access to information, people and an array of services. The internet is almost becoming a necessity in our lives. The personal computer is a necessity in many people's lives. The dependence on computers is growing and the question is, are we too dependent on our computers and the internet?"

Tags:media, information, systems

Abstract
The paper demonstrates how information technology, mainly the Internet, has affected how managers function and make decisions. It looks at organizations in an open system perspective as information technology being the environment which the organization interrelates with. This paper discusses both the positive and negative aspects of the technology as well as details current uses of information technology in organizations. The findings of this paper are important in understanding how organizations and managerial positions have changed and how they are continuing to change for upcoming managers. The Internet boom definitely affected the organizations that are taking advantage of the new platform but how did this boom affect the employees who manage the organizations? his paper sets out to detail those affects.

From the Paper
"With the Internet boom came an explosion of a new type of business platform. Suddenly organizations everywhere were developing informational websites that were used to grab attention and compete on a new global level. As more and more managers began to recognize the potential of the Internet, websites moved from being informational to being actually functional. Now customers can go online to purchase products, make reservations, submit application forms and much more. The functionality of organizational websites continued to evolve as competition became heavier and expectations of online customers grew. Today because of the fast advances of information technology development, Internet technology has become much more affordable making it more widely available to small and medium sized business. Because of this increase in online competition and the decrease of cost, intranet and extranets are having the largest affect on managerial functions. For the purpose of this paper I will refer to both intranets and extranets as content management systems from this point on."

Tags:controlling, management, organizing, Computer, Industry, Almanac

Abstract
This paper discusses the social change that is a result of new reproductive technologies. It investigates the effects on the concept of the family, women's bodies, and on our very lives as a whole. The paper investigates the social relevance of cloning, in vitro fertilzation, and surrogate motherhood.

From the Paper
"We live in an age in which technology is playing a greater and greater role in the construction of our society and in the ideologies and perspectives that are applied to understanding social phenomena. Technology has revolutionized the way we look at communication and media, transportation, the work place, and social institutions. It is not surprising, then, the new technologies are having an impact on the way we view the basic social unit - the family. The founding of new reproductive technologies (NRTs) has redefined and continues to redefine the meaning and construction of the family in our society. It has also contributed directly to the changing implications of women's roles in the family and society. While some argue in favor of these changes and their positive social influences and implications, others argue against the control which these technologies represent over individual's bodies. The following paper will explore these arguments in order to demonstrate the overall thesis that NRTs are changing the way we look at ourselves, the family, women and society as a whole. The impact of these technologies socially is growing more and more, and in order to fully understand their significance we need to examine their social relevance."

Tags:cloning, in, virtro, fertilization, surrogate, ethics