Abstract
This paper reviews the horrific mining disaster that took place in a West Virginia mining town in 1972. Information regarding the loss of life and property is taken from Gerald Stern's book, "The Buffalo Creek Disaster: How the Survivors of One of the Worst Disasters in Coal-Mining History Brought Suit Against the Coal Company--And Won". The paper also looks at the negligence of the Buffalo Mining Company, which caused one of the worst man-made disasters in history and the legal case brought against them by survivors of the tragedy.

From the Paper
"A few days prior to February 26, 1972, rain fell almost continuously, which was typical for this time of year. Buffalo Mining officials, concerned about the condition of the highest dam, measured water levels every two hours the night of the twenty-fifth. Although a Pittston official in the area was alerted to the increasing danger, the residents of the hollow were not officially informed. The one positive about living in a small town is that news travels fast. So, despite the lack of warning from company officials, some residents discerned the danger and moved to higher ground. At 8:05 a.m., the dam collapsed and the water obliterated the other two impoundments. Approximately 132 million gallons of black, waste water hurried through the narrow Buffalo Creek concave."

Tags:pittston, buffalo, creek, black, water, released, dam, gob, mud, middle, fork

Abstract
With all the many advances in technology, there will most likely be issues that will affect policing in the future. How will new technologies affect the individual police officer? Will he have input about what technology is used? What about the management of police agencies? How will they respond to the issues of civil liability in the future? How do technological advances affect the community itself? Will they embrace it or reject it? This paper addresses these questions and provides answers to them.

From the Paper
"Police personal carry the utmost importance in departments, especially in larger departments. It seems now that everything now and way back when seems to be climbing gradually into the future. For the most part, larger departments appear to be tightening their grip on micromanagement. Supervisors are somewhat becoming ignorant to the fact of what their officers need."

Tags:future, management, police

Abstract
This persuasive paper provides support for the legalization of gambling in the U.S. It argues that since 48 states already support gambling in some form or another, there is no reason why gambling of all forms should be allowed in all states. The paper looks at the financial benefits of gambling to America's economy and argues that gambling is no bigger a vice than smoking or drinking alcohol.

From the Paper
"Gambling should also be legalized because on-line stock trading is legal. On-line trading is the buying and selling of stocks and bonds over the Internet for persons 21 and over. The trading of stocks over the Internet is essentially gambling, with the same outcomes of winning and losing money. The stock market is designed for careful investors who research and plan their buying and selling. With the establishment of on-line stock trading the market has become a form of gambling. Now people who have the required $1,000 to establish an Internet account just sit down at their computers and "bet" on whether a company's stock will go up or down to "win" the trader money, just like betting on whether a seven or eleven will come up on the dice."

Tags:Nevada, Atlantic, City, casinos, gaming

Abstract
This paper discusses the origin of prison gangs and the factors that keep them alive behind the walls of every prison in the country. It also discusses the six major gangs and how each is identified. Statistics from correctional facilities, as well as national surveys, are revealed and prove the rise in prison gangs and the threat they pose for communities.

From the Paper
"Prison gangs are flourishing behind the walls of every correctional facility across the country. There are six major gangs that are generally identified by racial or ethnic members. Prison gangs are much better organized than the average street gang, thus, when an inmate is released he is more savvy about keeping a lower profile and so become more difficult for authorities to track. Prison gangs have risen some four hundred percent during the last decade and are still climbing. Gangs inside the prison walls have become experts at communicating through coded messages. Prison gangs originated as a form of protection from predator inmates, but expanded to include contraband. Gangs, whether street or prison, are identified by law enforcement as Security Threat Groups, STGs, and are monitored by officials."

Tags:jail, prisoner

Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between disparities and discrimination within the court systems and criminal justice system as a whole. The paper defines the differences between discrimination and disparity and gives examples of how they have been used in the past in the United States. It particularly focuses on areas of race, women and juvenile justice.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discrimination v. Disparity: Definitions
Examples of Discrimination and Disparity
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The juvenile justice area of criminal justice is another area where disparities are seen. In an adult court, preferential treatment may be given to those who have jobs in terms of how they are sentenced. (Rivera, 2006). However, the goal of sentencing in juvenile justice is geared more toward rehabilitation rather than retribution. Therefore, the opposite case may be seen here in terms of how a juvenile maybe sentenced. By this what I mean is, let's say that two juveniles have committed the exact same crime except one juvenile has a stay at home parent and the other one has a single parent who is working one or more jobs. The juvenile with the stay at home parent maybe allowed to go home because the parent has stated and demonstrated that they have the ability to monitor the juvenile. The juvenile with the working parent may not be afforded the same option because of the fact that he or she is in fact working and does not have the same ability to monitor the juvenile."

Tags:courts, enforcement, minorities

Abstract
This paper describes the writer's perspective of criminological theory. It focuses on why people commit crimes and why people act the way that they do. It then describes the variables that the writer would consider and the methodologies he would use in order to evaluate his theory. The paper concludes that there are many theories that can assist in determining the reasons why things happen and there will be many more theories that will either agree or disagree with previous theorists.

From the Paper
"Criminological theories in my perspective are theories from various individuals who have experience or education in criminal justice, sociology, psychology, science or biology. This is due to being able to read people behaviors and understand the mindset of why individuals would commit crimes. I believe everyone who had a theory studied and observed different cultures, communities, and family parenting to get the proof he or she needed to show that their theory has some merit. "Then others tested the theory and either added or improved the findings by using more sufficient information through their research. In other words, criminological theory is the study of criminal thinking and criminal behavior. If criminological and theory is broken down, it gives the definitions of theory is a speculation or abstract thought or contemplation, an ideal of or belief about something arrived through speculation, and a scientific principle to explain phenomena (Webster's New World, 2002). Criminological is the sociological study of crime, criminals and punishment of criminals (Webster's New World, 2002)."

Tags:methodologies, prejudices, environment, delinquent

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that burglary is a common and costly crime in the United States. The writer focuses on the crime of burglary and looks at how it impacts society. In order to understand fully the impact that burglary has on society in the United States, it is necessary to understand a few details about the crime. This paper reviews the definition of burglary, the occurrence of burglary in the United States, the financial costs of the crime and the social impact of the crime. The writer maintains that these topics, when taken together, provide a clear and distinct picture of burglary as a common crime that has very high financial and social costs for American society. The writer concludes that if burglary itself were reduced, the whole crime rate of the nation would reduce, and in part this can be achieved through greater public awareness concerning what makes burglary easy for perpetrators.

From the Paper
"The costs of burglary can be measured in a number of different ways. One of the most obvious costs of burglary is the financial cost. The financial costs of burglary can then be broken down even further into different areas of cost. The first of these is direct cost of the property damaged or stolen. Direct costs include the actual monetary costs of items stolen, or damaged. The second form of financial cost due to burglary is known as transfer of property costs. Transfer of property refers to the process in which another steals property that belongs to one person, and in essence, becomes their property. Furthermore, following a burglary the property may be transferred a number of other times to fences and eventually to unsuspecting purchasers. Although the individual who is burglarized views the process as a personal loss, in social terms, the property does not become useless, but is illegally transferred in possession. Another kind of cost involved in burglary are those associated with law enforcement. This includes money spent to pay law enforcement officers, and other members of the criminal justice system. This also includes the costs incurred by defendants to pay lawyers, as well as the expenses of incarceration. "

Tags:crime, property, possession, costs

Abstract
This paper asserts that it is the voter's responsibility to ensure that safe practices, whether related to environmental protections, occupational safety, or enforcement or sentencing related to white-collar crime become a priority for those elected. The paper makes its point by using several examples to illustrate how the public, for too long, has surrendered all public interest and decision-making powers to its president-elect. Specifically, the paper provides a cross-section of four public issues and describes the role legislation has taken in dealing with these issues. This paper argues that the citizenry of the United States, as voters, are partially responsible for holding those in power accountable. Legislators demonstrate repeatedly and consistently that their interests are vastly different from those of the general population, regardless of what they promise on election podiums.

Outline:
Impact and Interventions in the National and International Waste Oil Industry
The Demise of OSHA
Telemarketing Fraud: Impact and Penalties
Imprisonment of White-Collar Criminals
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In 1947, the generation of the planet's toxic pollutants in landfills and other storage facilities totaled five million metric tons; however, in 1988, more than 300 million tons of waste were generated, 265 million of those tons were in the US alone (Lee, 1992). To facilitate legitimate disposal practices, there are currently 75,000 industrial, and 15,000 municipal landfills in the Unites States (McFarland-Benedict, Salzman, & Miller, 1986). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reported overwhelmingly however, that these facilities are deteriorated, defective, poorly controlled, and leaching toxins into the environment (Rebovich, 1996)."

Tags:waste, dumping, work, safety, health, telemarketing, criminals, sentences

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the merits of public and private prisons, identifying the challenges each sector faces and the relative merits of each approach to incarceration.

From the Paper
"A major shift in prison administration is the move made in many locales toward privatization described by the Alabama Policy Institute as a result of the dramatic increase in the number of individuals incarcerated ..."

Tags:prisons, privatization

Abstract
Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. This paper advocates that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by essentially "incurable" predators. It puts forward the proposal that if people were assured a harsh punishment if they were to commit a crime, they would be less likely to be able to justify their criminal actions as being "worth the risk". It discusses the holes in current legislation and how offenders are often not required to undergo sex offender treatment or evaluation and they are released into the community without being forced to adhere to sex offender registration laws and evaluates Megan's law. Megan's Law refers to the series of laws introduced in New Jersey following the murder of seven year-old Megan Kanka who was kidnapped, raped and murdered by her neighbor, a twice convicted sex offender who had committed a similar crime only months before. It analyzes the increasing public awareness and concern about crime together with intense media focus on the issue.

From the Paper
"According to Princeton University professor John DeIulio, "almost half of the country's 671,000 parolees and probationers are caught committing serious new offenses within three years" (Feinsilber, 1997). Many sexual predators have admitted that they cannot control their urges to sexually and violently abuse women and children. For this reason we should not allow these dangerous criminals to terrorize our neighborhoods, schools and homes. It is therefore my contention that more strict legislative measures are needed that would prevent vulnerable individuals from being raped, abused and possibly killed by these essentially "incurable" predators."

Tags:child, deviants, law, legal, molesters, rapists, sexual, megan, criminals