Abstract
This paper explains that virtually all bacteria strains have viruses specific to them. The paper then describes an experiment that takes coliphages from sewage and, after enrichment and filtration processes, exposes the E.Coli R10 strain to the phages to obtain the phage specific to the strain. The paper further explains that the bacteria strains are grown on agar plates in the presence of coliphages, and strains W3104-A on plates K12 and W3104 and R12-B on plate K12 developed resistance. The paper then reports that the W3104-A strain is further tested and retains its resistance.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Method
Isolation and Enrichment of Coliphage from Raw Sewage
Filtration of Coliphage Mixtures
Dilution and Plaque Preparation of R10A and R10B E. Coli Strains
Mutation and Isolation of Phage-Resistant E. Coli Strains
Sensitivity of Phage-Resistant Mutants to Bacteriophages
Results
Discussion
Table: Colonies of Bacterial Strains Response to Coliphages

From the Paper
"Bacteria have the ability to develop resistance to viruses [6], so as it can be expected some strains (namely W3104-A and R12-B) developed phage-resistant colonies. It is known that certain genetic elements called "episomes" are instrumental in creating phage-resistance in E. Coli strains such as K12 [8]. As indicated in table 1, there were numerous contaminations; this was certainly due to many of the unfiltered cultures that were used. This was done because of time constraints and shortage or missing supplies in the lab."

Tags:viruses, bacteriophages, cultures, spontaneous, resistant

Abstract
This paper describes the prominent and significant role that religion plays in Tibet. The paper first describes the basic beliefs held by Tibetan Buddhists as well as the four major sects that make up Tibetan Buddhism. Next, the role of the lama or spiritual teacher is described and a brief history of Tibet and the role that Buddhism has played in the country is presented. The paper concludes that religion plays an integral role in Tibetan daily life, uniting its people through peace while providing guidance and a means to endure through hardship.

From the Paper
"Although Buddhism plays a large role in Tibetan daily life, the Islamic religion and the Tibetan Muslims serve an essential role to the continuing survival of the Tibetan people. Because Tibet is a mainly pastoralist society, slaughtering animals is sometimes necessary in order for the people to survive and it is the Muslims who carry out that role. Tibetan Buddhists are forbidden from killing unless it is necessary for the survival of the family, and will only do so under dire circumstances. Meat is an important part of the Tibetan diet because vegetables do not grow in the dry, cold climate and the animals provide the fat intake required to survive the extreme cold and strenuous manual work of their daily lives. The Muslims essentially allow the Buddhists to follow their faith by indirectly giving them the needs to survive in Tibet's harsh climate."

Tags:Tibetan, tradition, unity, religious, practice

Abstract
There is a strong correlation between organizational change and the subsequent stress and resistance that characterizes employee responses to the change. There are several forms of change organizations experience including mergers, product or target market change, workforce expansions or deletions, technological change, and outsourcing initiatives. The idea of organizational change invokes fear and disbelief amongst employees and results in resistance and stress when the perceived changes are believed to have a negative impact on individuals, workplace climate, or the organization. This paper explores individual resistance to change, potential sources of stress, and the consequences to organizations. It also identifies remedies to effectively manage resistance to change and stress.

Outline:
Abstract
Resistance and Stress
Consequences
Solutions
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Today's organizations must undergo significant philosophical, practical, and personnel changes in order to compete globally in an unregulated and unpredictable environment. As inevitable changes are implemented, managers will face resistance and stress and must be prepared, in advance, to minimize the impact of change on employees. This will require strategic planning and inclusion in all aspects of the change process. Managers must be cognizant that employees maintain connectedness to organizations by identifying with the agency's core essence, history, motivation, passion, and purpose."

Tags:organization changes, stress, human resource, workplace

Abstract
Law enforcement uses a wide range of tactics to expose and apprehend those involved in organized crime. This paper examines how surveillance is widely used to detect terrorist and paramilitary plots, drug and human trafficking activities, identity and information theft, money laundering, among other activities. Specifically, the paper explores the history of surveillance as an investigative tool, current surveillance trends, and controversies related to privacy rights.

From the Paper
"Detecting and monitoring criminal, political, and social patterns has a long history. Thousands of years ago, Ancient Egyptians kept massive records on its citizens' military involvement and immigration patterns. In the year 1086, the Normal administration began collecting data related to land holdings as a means of establishing military domains. Later, in 1831, the invention of the telegraph drew tremendous interest from law enforcement agencies that commenced a permanent dependent relationship between law enforcement surveillance capabilities and technological advancements. For instance, wiretapping surveillance followed soon after the invention of the telephone in 1876 (Hunter, 2007). Advances in electronics and computer technology have given law enforcement tremendous investigative tools however these developments have benefited organized crime at an even faster rate. Thus the vast challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in detecting criminal activities are overwhelming. "

Tags:privacy, rights, Internet, biometrics

Abstract
This paper discusses how computer-related crime can be categorized in many different ways and how, in simple terms, crimes against persons receive more concern from society and law enforcement than other crimes such as monetary crimes or crimes against property. The paper looks at how local law enforcement does not have the expertise or training in this area and how therefore, the federal criminal justice agencies take lead roles. Law enforcement is struggling to provide enough resources to investigate crime where computers are involved and must prioritize its resources. Various categories of computer crimes are listed along with a brief description of each.

Outline:
The Computer as the Target
The Computer as an Agent
Crimes Associated with the Prevalence of Computers
Networking Malfeasance

From the Paper
"Frauds from computer transactions, credit card fraud, and telecommunications fraud are examples where the computer is used as an agent. These are complex investigations that require commercial crime investigators, as well as, tech-crime investigators. Losses from these crimes are usually monetary, therefore, public demand of resources is less likely than computer crimes involving violence. Local law enforcement would not be capable of such investigations and national law enforcement would likely only investigate high-profile cases. Headlines of articles are found throughout the Internet that indicate resources are prevalently directed towards high monetary cases. An example of this is, "Woman Convicted of Embezzling More Than $910,000 In Computer Fraud Scheme" (United States Department of Justice, 2003). "

Tags:credit, card, fraud, credit, card, fraud

Abstract
This paper discusses the progress and activities of the Japanese Yakuza from centuries ago and describes how organized crime groups in Japan have prospered and grown over the years. Outlining the opportunistic nature of the Yakuza, the author explains how they have benefitted from the economic growth of Japan and even migrated to other countries. The paper also looks at the operational methods of the Yakuza as well as strategies of control applied to curb their influence and activities throughout Japan and internationally.

From the Paper
"Organized crime in Japan originated centuries ago following the end of feudalism. Gang activities stemmed from deviance and territorial disputes between displace Samurai and posing threats. Over time, the Samurai and other criminals became the Yakuza, a sophisticated and intertwined band of crime groups spanning across Japan and more recently migrating to other nations. The Yakuza has been over opportunistic, benefiting from the economic growth of the nation. They have fostered strong political ties and social legitimacy, by demonstrating intolerance towards assaults against the innocents or law enforcement, and yet have posed significant threat to Japan's economic stability."

Tags:organized crime, mafia, east-asian

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of reality therapy and explains that reality therapists deal with people as if they have choices. In particular, the paper discusses the primary goal of reality therapy, why it can be considered as a mentoring process, and what approach the reality therapist takes with her client. In addition, the paper explains what reality therapy emphasizes, e.g., an understanding and supportive relationship, and what qualities a reality therapist must possess in order to be effective. Lastly, the paper discusses two major components of reality therapy, key procedures in the practice of reality therapy, and limitations associated with this type of therapy. The paper concludes with the writer's thoughts about how she could apply the reality therapy approach to her own life.

From the Paper
"Clients are not expected to backtrack into the past or get sidetracked into talking about symptoms. Neither will much time be spent talking about feelings separate from the acting and thinking that are part of the total behaviors over which clients have direct control. Clients will most likely find therapists to be gently, but firmly confronting. Reality therapists will often ask clients questions such as, "Is what you are choosing to do bringing you closer to the people you want to be closer to right now?" Lastly clients can also expect to experience some urgency in therapy."

Tags:problems, encoded needs, mentoring self-evaluation responsibility

Abstract
This paper explains that Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy emphasizes the attitudes and personal characteristics of the therapist and the quality of the client-therapist relationship as the prime determinants of the outcome of the therapeutic process. The author relates the concepts of Rogers and the advantage of the global presence of his therapy. The paper points out the goals, the role of the therapist and the equality relationship between the client and the therapist. The author feels that the empathetic understanding aspect of person-centered therapy would fall inline with what the Bible teaches.

From the Paper
"The actualizing tendency is a directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, self-determination, and perfection. This growth force within us provides an internal source of healing, but it does not imply a movement away from relationships, interdependence, connection, or socialization. This positive view of human nature has significant implications for the practice of therapy. Because of the belief that the individual has an inherent capacity to move away from maladjustment and toward psychological health, the therapist places the primary responsibility on the client."

Tags:client-therapist equality self-actualization, reflective style, integration

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that sex trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime initiative and is expected to replace drugs and arms trafficking to become the number one most profitable enterprise within the next few years. The writer examines how victims are lured, how they survive the conditions and looks at criminal justice initiatives designed to intervene in the trafficking of women and children. The paper does not examine prostitution as a choice, rather, it is limited to those who have, against their will, become enthralled into the sex industry and are afforded no supports or exits by their captors. The writer maintains that prosecution must be the most important method of controlling sex trafficking crimes and concludes that long term imprisonments and attacking the financial stranglehold are the only ways to impact and perhaps control the growth of sex trafficking and its effect on society.

From the Paper
"Transnational sex trafficking and OC operate on three distinct levels: small, medium, and large scale networks. Small scale networks transport small groups of women to a single brothel operator on demand. Medium scale networks move masses of women and children from one country to various global markets. They negotiate prices with purchasers through open human auctions or other means and create false documents to aid travel. Large scale operations control all aspects of the business value chain commencing with recruitment, transportation, and control multi-national networks and facilities where they manage all service delivery. These large scale operations are more equipped to maximize profits. Seventy-five percent of OC sex trafficking operations are large scale enterprises where brothels are staffed by imprisoned prostitutes. As the sex trade industry's economic growth flourishes in countries like Malaysia and Thailand, ghetto brothels are being replaced by luxurious private clubs to appease increased demand by upper class consumers."

Tags:victim, offenders, prosecution, prostitutes

Abstract
This paper provides an examination and analysis of Dali's famous painting, with prime concentration upon the elements and historical aspects of the particular piece of art. It discusses how his inspiration for "Metamorphosis of Narcissus" came from a conversation overheard between two fishermen discussing a local man who would stare at himself in a mirror for hours.

From the Paper
"Salvador Dali was a Spanish artist who is considered to be one of the most impressive artists of the 20th century. His inspiration for Metamorphosis of Narcissus came from a conversation overheard between two fishermen discussing a local man who would stare at himself in a mirror for hours. One of the men described the man as having a "bulb in his head"; a common conversation meaning that he was mentally ill. Dali combined this image with the ancient Greek myth of Narcissus."

Tags:analyze, art, aspects, elements, historical