Abstract
This paper attempts to introduce Karl Marx's view of capitalist exploitation, which states that the bourgeoisie is the ruling class in capitalist society, which owns the means of production, while the proletariat is the working class, whose sole commodity is his labor power. It examines the issue of how division of labor further increases the exploitation of the worker and how the exploitation of the worker is not confined simply to the bourgeois capitalist who employs him, but also to all the other capitalists who form the society around the proletarian worker.

From the Paper
"In order to keep the worker subjugated, the bourgeois capitalist only provides the laborer with the basic requirements for continued existence. In evidence of this, Marx claims, "The costs occasioned by the worker are limited almost entirely to the subsistence which he requires for his maintenance and reproduction of his race. The price of a commodity, and therefore of labor, is equal to its costs of production." By giving the worker the minimum one can possible allow him, only barely allowing enough for the necessities, the proletarian can never acquire any property of his own, and thus never has any hopes of gaining the means of production for himself."

Tags:bourgeois, capitalism, exploitation, proletariat

Abstract
This paper examines how few policies have received as much domestic and international reproach as the United States' embargo against Cuba. It looks at how instituted over the last four decades, the blockade was originally established due to a perceived threat on U.S. national security and how reasons for this included Cuba's expropriation of U.S. property following the 1959 revolution led by Fidel Castro, their alliance with the Soviet Union and their support for armed revolutionary forces in Latin America and Africa. It explores business opportunities in Cuba, the effect of the embargo on U.S. firms and detailed arguments in favour of both maintaining and dissolving the embargo.

Outline
Background
Business Opportunities in Cuba
Biotechnology
Small Businesses
Effect of the Embargo on U.S. Firms
Issues for U.S. Firms upon Lifting the Embargo
Arguments for Maintaining the Embargo
Arguments for Dissolving the Embargo
Economic Tribulations
Social Tribulations
Opinion
Appendix A - Cuba Country Report
Selected Historical Facts

From the Paper
"American action in the form of the embargo against Cuba has not been effective since its inception, and there is no rationale other than saving face by maintaining the long-term grudge against the island nation. Americans will not admit that the embargo has been ineffective in controlling Castro; they will certainly deny the fact that the embargo has given Castro an "excuse" for Cuba's high poverty rate. It would be in the U.S.'s best interest to remove the embargo and allow free trade with Cuba. The laissez faire principle of economics dictates that free markets will ultimately take over, ensuring that any inherent corruption will ultimately be eliminated. Furthermore, Castro is not immune to the forces of ageing."

Tags:cigars, communism, eisenhower, expropriation, fidel, castro

Abstract
This paper is an overview of what the World Trade Organization (WTO) is and what it does. The history of the WTO is discussed as well as its advantages and disadvantages to Canada.

From the Paper
"The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization engaging in the rules of trade between countries. At its core are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and confirmed in their parliaments. The organization accounts for over 90% of world trade and consist of 135 member nations that range from the US-to-Cuba-to-The Kyrgyz Republic."

Tags:agreements, globalization, international, subsidies, trade

Abstract
This paper contains an analysis of factors, both internal and external, that caused the financial crisis in Russia in 1988. The main argument of the paper is that the main causes of the crisis originated from inside. The monetary system that the Russian government created after the fall of the USSR failed to provide a stable channel for the implementation of an adequate monetary policy. The paper shows that the banking system was ill-designed and corrupt, mainly serving as a channel for government funds to favored industries. Finally, the paper shows that the extreme usage of government debt (often for the personal benefit of the Russian officials) was the factor that shut the whole economy down. Bonds were printed like paper, which is unsustainable even in the short-run.

Table of Contents:

A Self-made Crisis
Fake Monetary System
The Banks that Weren't
Russian FIGs
A Pyramid of Bonds
The Fall of the Babylon
The Responsibility
Works Cited

From the Paper
"In 1998 Russia was hit by a large-scale financial crisis. The bad news of Russian default (or payment suspension) in August 1998 was one of the primary concerns of almost all Russian and western media. The events and outcomes of the crisis were relatively similar to the ones that took place in Asia in 1997 or, more recently, in Argentina (the latter has recently defaulted on the largest government debt in history). These amounted, but were not limited to: national currency being largely devaluated, collapse of the banking system, and political unrest resulting in dramatic changes in the government."

Tags:bank, central, government, mismanagement, dollar

Abstract
This paper talks about the role that division of labor plays in capitalism. It focuses on Adam's Smith's view of division of labor and how it fits into our society. The advantages and disadvantages of this practice are listed and analyzed.

From the Paper
"Capitalism, what is Capitalism? It is an economic system, which has been dominant in the western world since the breakup of Feudalism. An economic system in which competing firms produce material use values (anything humans produce for use or sale) as commodities for a society wide competitive market."

Tags:economic, system, market, society, competition, feudalism

Abstract
With the fervor over the ethics of sweat shop production increasing, it is becoming important to look at viable solutions which provide meaningful change. The best example of alternative trade is the fair trade movement, which has been gaining momentum all over the world. This paper looks at this movement as it seeks to provide producers and consumers with choices.

From the Paper
"In recent years the media has been focusing more and more attention on the harm being done to people living in poor countries by multinational corporations. Whether it's a sportswear sweatshop in Southeast Asia or a logging company in the Amazon, consumers in the First World are becoming aware of the consequences their choices have. Unfortunately, very few news items talk about the positive alternatives to big business, paying more attention to the scandal which occurs when it is discovered that some celebrity's fashion line is manufactured using children in Burma. One important alternative which has become slightly more visible in recent years is the fair trade movement, which empowers producers and addresses issues of consumer responsibility."

Tags:consumers, empowerment, labourers, production, women

Abstract
The following paper offers an overview of the impacts of globalization on developing countries, the arguments made against globalization, as well as corresponding rebuttals. Also identified are methods by which countries can reap the rewards of this process, while remaining realistic about its potential and its risks.

From the Paper
"Globalization offers extensive opportunities for worldwide development, but this process is not progressing evenly. The richest 225 people in the world have a combined wealth equal to the annual income of the poorest 47% of the world s individuals. (Crafts 2) Countries that have been able to integrate with other nations are seeing faster growth and reduced poverty. However, many nations have not been so fortunate, especially in developing areas. One in four individuals across the world lives in abject poverty, without access to adequate food, clean water, sanitation, essential healthcare or basic education services. This is both the principal moral issue facing the world as well as the utmost menace to the future security and stability of the planet. Many of today s problems, such as war and conflict, mass migration, and environmental degradation are rooted in poverty and inequality."

Tags:access, adequate, annual, areas, basic, beneficial, capital, causes, circulation, clean, competition, complex, conflict, countries, country, critics, degradation, develop, developed, developing, development, direct, earth, economic, education, employment, environmental, equal, essen

Abstract
This paper provides a good overview of the contributions of both Smith and Marx, as well as a good examination of both systems, while coming to the conclusion that the market system is indeed, preferable to laissez-faire.

Tags:faire, laissez, market, system, profit

Abstract
This essay suggests that Third World debt and underdevelopment are inextricably linked to European and American colonialism and imperialism. Historical and recent examples are given. Dependency theory is discussed.

From the Paper
"Dependency theory emerged out of Latin America in the 1960s, during a time when modernization theory, which stresses heavy industrialization and laissez-faire economics, was increasing in popularity. It examines the root problems of poor countries, taking into account their histories?which are very different from those of the European and American superpowers, and by drawing connections between the imperialism of the last five centuries, and the neocolonialism of today."

Tags:culture, debt, development, economics, industrialization, neoliberalism, trade

Abstract
This paper discusses the affect that wealth has on health and postulates that people born with lower social status have a higher likelihood of sickness and health complications. It touches on subjects from issues of not enough money for food to sexual practices.

From the Paper
"Even though we are taught in schools how different we are from ancient societies, we are not all that different. An individual is still born into his or her social class and he or she is brought up to live like those of his or her class. In our modern society individuals are able to more easily build his or her future on his or her dreams, but the reality is that dreams and hopes are hard to come by. Sadly due to the social classes impounded upon us at birth individuals must over come many obstacles in life, of which one is health. In our society, health can be purchased, as though it were a commodity, not something available to everyone but only to the wealthy. Such a commodity should not exist since we have a right to be healthy, however it does. For obvious reasons, it is much harder for lower classes to purchase this health, and therefore, for obvious reasons, such classes are less healthy."

Tags:class, food, health, care, hurt, illness, issues, life, money, problems, sex, sexual, sick, social, work, workplace