Abstract
This paper discusses the history, background and the complicated ethics regarding human cloning. The author looks at the science of cloning, pros and cons of cloning and argues that cloning is beneficial in the long run.

From the Paper
"There is no other topic in health care with more potential for controversy than human cloning. I decided to write my paper on human cloning for this very reason, it will be an even more controversial issue than abortion in the future for my generation. Indeed, cloning is a topic for the future but this future is much closer than many people would like to believe. Many have deep religious and ethical reasons for wanting a total ban on human cloning. However, there are also many people, including some scientists, who believe that the possible benefits of human cloning outweigh the risks by a huge margin. Cloning has become an issue within the past 4 years due to the realization that it is possible to clone a human being."

Tags:cells, clones, dolly, embryo, ethics, skin

From the Paper
"The birth of the world's most famous sheep, the genetically cloned Dolly, sparked turbulent ethical, scientific, and religious debate, taking Genetic Engineering from the laboratories and thrusting it onto the front pages of the world. The living proof of what was once considered no more than science fiction prompted an entirely new range of dangers and possibilities. Jeremy Rifkin's The Biotech Century warns of the dangers of genetic engineering and takes a rather alarmist stance in revealing the outcomes of current and future genetic research."

Tags:bioengineering, biology, biotechnology, engineering, genetic, genetics, technology

Abstract
This paper gives some background on the genetic engineering of food. The author focuses on the dangers that stem from genetically engineered food such as possible medical side effects and repercussions to the environment. The author advocates mandatory labeling of foods with genetically engineered ingredients and looks at regulations in other countries.

From the Paper
"By far the most severe environmental repercussion of GE crops is that they are a Pandora's box, once they are planted, there is no way to control or recall them. Pollen from GE plants is spread in exactly the same manner as regular pollen, and, therefore, their genetic material will quickly spread to any surrounding fields. This is one of the main reasons why is truly impossible for people to know what they are eating. An organic tomato grown a mile away from a farm that grows GE tomatoes may or may not be infected. Scientists have no way of determining what kind of effects the release of all this genetic pollution will have on the ecosystem (Davis)."

Tags:biotechnology, dangers, enviroment, ethics, food, genetic, problems

Abstract
This paper looks at how, with every passing year, the environment around the American people is becoming more and more artificial and how one of the greatest examples of this is the creation of genetically modified foods. It examines how a few huge companies are trying to convince us that their food is not dangerous to our health and, in some cases, is even healthier than organic food. It attempts to prove how this is not true and how genetically modified food is potentially dangerous.

From the Paper
"A lot of myths have been created to market the genetically engineered food. One of them is that it will help the American farmers. In reality, biotechnology tries to industrialize agriculture even further, converting agriculture into a branch of industry, and as with other labor saving technologies, by increasing productivity biotechnology tends to reduce prices and set in motion a technology treadmill that forces out of business a significant number of farmers, especially the small ones. Another false myth is that biotechnology will benefit Third World farmers. In reality, biotechnology products will undermine exports from Third World countries even more, especially from small-scale producers."

Tags:biotechnology, fast, artificial, agriculture, technology

Abstract
This paper examines the recent breakthrough in genetics and reproductive technologies. It questions that , as a society, are we ready for these advancements. The paper argues that genetic engineering has great potential, which outweighs the risks, and it illustrates both sides of the argument in order to appreciate the promise and danger associated with these new genetic and reproductive technologies.

From the Paper
"The advancements that have come in the field of genetics and human reproduction are probably amongst the most controversial which have arisen in the history of the human race. These advancements actually present us with ways that we can redefine the human race itself. The mapping of the human genome, the possibility for human cloning, the developments that have arisen in the field of assisted fertilization, and the general idea of engineering human beings in order to fight diseases and other negative human conditions, have raised many, many arguments. Never before have we had so much control over our future and our nature. There are many promises that have been made in support of the development of reproductive technologies, all of which point to a better world as the result of the advancements that have been made. There have also been many people who have voiced opposition to the advancements, as they feel that they will result in negative affects that would undermine our entire system of values and ethics.The thesis of this paper is that the developments in human reproductive technologies are very important and offer us many benefits, but we are not completely ready either socially or technologically to deal with the advancements that have come so quickly."

Tags:cloning, fertilization, surrogate

Abstract
This report compares the silicon-based computer and the emerging DNA-based computer. The study focuses on the major components involved in both, their method of use, and general reasons for use, all centered around the engineering and biological principals that are critical to the success of the DNA-based computer. Detailed and scientifically rigorous statements of the principles are provided along with a detailed definition of key terms, which can be found in the glossary at the end of this report. Sample problems and calculations are provided throughout the report to illustrate the method of use and abilities of this new way of computing. Based on the computing abilities and potential of the DNA-based computer, a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the social and ethical concerns associated with the technology is presented.

Table of Contents
Abstract
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Overview and Background
3.0 Major Components Involved
4.0 Method of Use
5.0 General Reasons for Use
6.0 Advantages and Disadvantages
7.0 Social and Ethical Concerns
8.0 Conclusion
References
Glossary

From the Paper
"The abilities and power of computers to this day have increased, almost exponentially, since the dawn of their creation. Every year the speeds of microchips more than double while their size continues to shrink. This exponential growth of silicon chip speed and inverse of size has come to be known as Moore's Law . As advancements in micro silicon chip production continue, however, more and more obstacles are faced due to the increase in complexities of the problems for which they are required. More computing power is required while costs need to be controlled. The answer to this is to build a radically different type of computer that uses DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) as oppose to silicon to store and manipulate data. The practicality of this new design is still far off, however, it is believed that this new technology can produce DNA-based computers that would be far superior than today's supercomputers at a fraction of their size and, ultimately, their costs. A part-by-part comparison of both the silicon-based computer and the emerging DNA-based computer under the conditions of the major components involved in both, their method of use, and general reasons for use, will be discussed. Also, their potential in society will be evaluated based on their advantages and disadvantages in regards to storage abilities, cost effectiveness, and reliability of use, as well as, social and ethical concerns involving their effect on the future of computing, society, way of life, and potential misuses of this new technology. This report describes and evaluates the emerging technology of DNA based computers based on their engineering and biological principals, and provides a comparison of this prospect to the silicon-based computers used widely in all areas of today's society."

Tags:based, biology, biotechnology, compute, computing, dna, engineering

Abstract
This paper discusses the social change that is a result of new reproductive technologies. It investigates the effects on the concept of the family, women's bodies, and on our very lives as a whole. The paper investigates the social relevance of cloning, in vitro fertilzation, and surrogate motherhood.

From the Paper
"We live in an age in which technology is playing a greater and greater role in the construction of our society and in the ideologies and perspectives that are applied to understanding social phenomena. Technology has revolutionized the way we look at communication and media, transportation, the work place, and social institutions. It is not surprising, then, the new technologies are having an impact on the way we view the basic social unit - the family. The founding of new reproductive technologies (NRTs) has redefined and continues to redefine the meaning and construction of the family in our society. It has also contributed directly to the changing implications of women's roles in the family and society. While some argue in favor of these changes and their positive social influences and implications, others argue against the control which these technologies represent over individual's bodies. The following paper will explore these arguments in order to demonstrate the overall thesis that NRTs are changing the way we look at ourselves, the family, women and society as a whole. The impact of these technologies socially is growing more and more, and in order to fully understand their significance we need to examine their social relevance."

Tags:cloning, in, virtro, fertilization, surrogate, ethics

Abstract
A look at the moral questions around human cloning. The author discusses the effects of mass media on views of cloning, the the religious and scientific questions centered around the topic and the influence that cloning has on society as a whole.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Media Representation of Cloning
Uniqueness and Individuality
Motivations Behind Cloning
The Mad Scientist
Religion on Cloning
Is Cloning Permissible
Crossing the Line
Science and Religion
Unstoppable Science
Who is the Parent
The Dangers in Cloning.
Cellular Problems
A Twist on Creation
Medical OK Human-Cloning No Way
Government Regulations
Anti-abortionists
Clone Animals Benefits Human.
The Human Factor
Being Human ? A Life Worth Living
Expectations
Immortality
Author?s Opinions
Paradigms
Act/Result-based
Conclusions
Work Cited

From the Paper
"In the near future, we will have to face the fact that the course of science will always win and inevitability cloning of human or at least the cloning of organs will be performed. The question is "is cloning human beings acceptable and where do we draw the line?" Cloning has sparked controversies over the past few years. With the race to map the DNA and its completion, it has steered up the imagination of our society of what to come. In this paper, we will discus how the mass media has influenced our views and values associated with a human life and the possibility of it being cloned. We will also look at the religious point of view as well as the science on this issue. We will take a quick look on how cloning has and will affect society along with what it is to be human. This technology is still new and a lot the following will be opinions, ideas and reflections on this issue. One must take them into consideration. If one simply jumps to a conclusion, then one is fool hearted and naive since it is still too early to make such a decision whether it is permissible to clone to clone human beings. There is simply no right or wrong answer, just a matter of moral, ethics and what you believe in. For decades, cloning has been a novelty of science fiction movies but with the resent development in biotechnology and the arrival of Dolly the cloned sheep, the possibility of cloning a human being came ever so close to reality."

Tags:abortionists, anti, being, clone, dna, dolly, ethics, human, immortality, individuality, moral, morality, psychology, religion, science, sheep, twins, xenotransplantation

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issues involved in genetic engineering, including the pros, cons and the use of eugenics. The author begins with a discussion of randomness and chaos in nature, and how we interpret these phenomenon. The implications of gene modification are also presented, including the benefits of germ-line gene therapy. The author continues by explaining eugenics, its positive aspects and its potential for abuse. In closing, the author argues that we must use wisdom when using genetic engineering.

From the Paper
"Some forms of genetic modifications can be beneficial. Germ-line gene therapy involves inserting genes and artificial chromosomes into the embryo (First GM, 2001). This is used to cure genetic and behavioural disorders such as schizophrenia. (Heaf, n.d.) It also can increase the intelligence or physical performance of the organism. (Holtzman, 2005) These genetically altered traits are passed down to the person's offspring, which includes irreversible mistakes (Heaf, n.d.). This is clearly eugenics because the offspring as specifically altered to display favored characteristics."

Tags:genetic modifications, fertility treatment, embryo, fertility technology, eugenics

Abstract
This paper discusses how Dr. Victor Frankenstein's creation, thought to be impossible by many, may not be so far fetched in the real world. The author makes comparisons between the monster's creation and modern medical techniques, such as transplantation and cloning.

From the Paper
"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein portrays an epic description of immortality. In this movie, many questions are raised dealing with the possibility of raising the dead and living forever. Is this scientifically possible? Is this morally right? Would we be able to handle having this knowledge and only using it when it became appropriate, and in what cases would it ever be appropriate? The answers to these questions are unknown at this moment in time but soon may be unveiled by the flourishing knowledge of science."

Tags:genetics, monster, paranormal, philosophy, transplant