Abstract
This paper analyzes the experience of visiting Seaworld. The author states Seaworld is a sanitized version of the jungle and the beach, a pretense of wilderness. Like all theme parks, the author says Seaworld is so popular because it is a hyper-manicured unnatural environment similar to the suburb. Seaworld is highly commercialized and is niche marketing at its best.

From the Paper
"However, part of both the appeal and the marketability of going to a place like Seaworld is that it speaks to something inside of us that longs for adventure. Very few of us will ever get to swim with dolphins in the ocean or to see puffins in their native nesting grounds. What a place like Seaworld does is to ofter us the sense that we have gotten to travel to distant places."

Tags:amusement, website, conservation, animals, appeal, market, hyper-manicurism, niche, marketing, tourist, suburb, commercial, business

From the Paper
"The last few years have witnessed a renewed interest in ecology and the environment not seen since the 1960's. A number of factors have led to this interest. First, people are more aware of damages to the environment. Pollution affects vegetation, deceases agricultural yields and inflicts losses on the timber industry. Studies have indicated that pollution may have negative long term effects on our climate due to the "greenhouse effect". "Acid rain" is affecting the world's forests. Second, people are more aware of the hazards of pollution to their lives and health. Third, people are more aware of the consequences of the depletion of species. Since 1600 A.D., thirty-six species of mammals and ninety-four species of birds have become extinct.. Fourth, people are more aware of the depletion of resources and fossil fuels and their impact on ..."

Abstract
This paper explains that Big Dig, a state-of-the-art eight-to-ten-lane expressway, for the most part underground or underwater, will run through downtown Boston and the Ted Williams Tunnel to Logan Airport. The paper reviews three areas of environmental concern: The digging and dumping of the dirt, mitigation and air quality. The author points out that the mitigation aspect of the project protects the city from devastating noise disruption, dust, traffic gridlock and economic damage.

From the Paper
"There are other benefits as well. According to Daniel Wood of Public Roads Magazine, the Big Dig will be "good news for the local shellfish population because of the construction of an artificial reef in Boston Harbor" (Public Roads). The reef, created in collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is designed to compensate for filling in over one acre of blue mussel habitat in the harbor during the closing and capping of the former municipal landfill on Spectacle Island. Wood also says that, "As the northernmost artificial reef system in the United States, the complex is expected to become home to lobsters, crabs, and finfish, as well as the displaced blue mussels" "

Tags:underground, underwater, downtown, parks, airport

Abstract
This research discusses the world?s current energy crisis. Fossil energy comprises the majority of the world?s energy source; however, these fuels pose threats to the environment and do not provide a renewable source of energy. Analysts predict that the world will run out of fossil fuels in forty to fifty years. Due to this impending crisis, experts research and attempt to determine renewable energy sources that meet the world?s growing energy needs while considering the technical, environmental, financial, and social impact of these alternatives. This report summarizes four of the most developed renewable energy options that could feasibly replace fossil fuels as a source of energy, including fuel cells, solar power, wind power, and hydroelectric power. Fuel cells use substances such as methanol and oxygen to react and provide energy; however, obtaining a clean, reliable hydrogen source and lowering the cost must precede implementation. Solar power harnesses the sun?s thermal with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity; the paper focuses on concentrating solar technologies and the addition research required to employ this alternative fuel source. Wind power uses turbines situated in a field to capture the kinetic energy of the wind; as one of the most frequently used renewable energy resources, this solution may become feasible as prices decrease. Hydropower uses flowing water through a system of turbines and generators to produce vast amounts of clean energy, but its environmental impacts are serious and widespread. All of these renewable energy sources have advantages and disadvantages when it comes to producing energy on a large scale. Some of these factors include cost, efficiency, environmental factors, and political and social factors. The report recommends an increase in research for each of these fields, and concludes that these renewable energy sources will only develop if society as a whole accepts the financial burden that accompanies them. Overall, the financial burden of renewable resources does not compare to the devastating effects that continued fossil energy usage will leave on the environment.

From the Paper
"As the global energy crisis worsens, scientists and researchers internationally race to refine and implement renewable energy resources to provide societies basic power needs that do not depend upon the consumption of natural resources. Within the next century, if energy consumers continue to rely on resources such as coal, petroleum, and other fossil fuels at the current rate, society will deplete its fuel reserves, specifically petroleum, to the extent that alternate power sources become necessary to maintain current standards of living based on power sources. Environmentalists, scientists, and the general public target fossil fuel usage as the primary cause for the environment's poor condition; renewable resources will offer an opportunity to prevent and possibly improve damage caused by pollution from power procurement. Globally, consumers are ill-prepared for our inevitable reliance upon renewable energy resources; moreover, developing countries in the process of electrifying their citizens will not have the means to progress in the same energy-technology development cycle and cannot base their tenuous energy dependence on a rapidly waning fuel source. In the absence of fossil fuels, people must rely on new forms of transportation and energy to power our increasingly
technology-based society. Renewable resources, such as fuel cells, solar power, wind power, and hydro power offers an environmentally-savvy alternative to fossil fuels, yet many of these technologies require further research, refinement, and optimization before we can rely upon them as a substitute for fossil fuels in basic power needs (SolarPACES 1). The problem involves ensuring global preparedness when low energy reserves mandate the use of renewable energy resources through proper allocation of renewable energy technology, ethical support from the public and the government, financial flexibility, and environmental sustainability."

Tags:alternative, cells, crisis, energy, fuel, global, hydroelectric, power, solar, wind

Abstract
This paper explains that "green" cars are vehicles that drive just like any other vehicle, except they are at least 90% cleaner-burning than the standard vehicle on the road, thereby emitting a lower amount of pollutants into the air. The author points out that the most popular models, which are mass-produced on the market right now, are called 'hybrids' because these vehicles have hybrid motors that use a mix of a gasoline engine and electric motor with a large battery that keeps energy flowing to the electric motor with no need to "plug" it in to recharge; when the cars get to "cruising" speed, they switch to the electric motor, letting it do most of the work. The paper stresses the financial benefits, which add to the environmental and health reasons to buying a "green" car; the actual purchase price does not vary too much from the regular gas-burning model, and the savings annually in gas can be tremendous. Tables.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Current Quality of the Air We Breathe
Health Consequences of the Deteriorating Environment
Explaining the Need
Future Predictions of our Environmental Destruction
Identifying Those at Risk
"Green" Cars
What They Are
How These Vehicles Can Help "Clear the Air"
Financial Benefits from These Vehicles
Where Can They Be Found
Different Makes and Models Available
Concept Cars on the Way
Other Solutions

From the Paper
"While companies like Honda and Toyota are more aggressively bringing hybrids to market, GM decided last year to focus its most advanced hybrid technology on its largest, least-fuel-efficient, high-volume vehicles models. It plans for them to reach showrooms in 2007. The Toyota Prius and Honda Civic Hybrids have been rated at averaging 60 miles per gallon, which has captured the attention of many producers, designers, engineers and consumers. This is encouraging because automakers are taking notice of the problems with our environment and actually coming up with ways to help fight for the cause."

Tags:battery, pollutants, hybrids, toyota, honda

Abstract
Technical discussion of electrochromic windows. Their solar-optical properties and commercial and residential applications in the U.S. Energy and glare control. Advantages of energy conservation, cost and performance over ordinary windows. Architectural and technical concerns. Manufacture. Suppliers and markets. Installation and maintenance. Technical details; how electrochromic windows work. Diagrams.

From the Paper
"Switchable Windows: The Product

Introduction: Fenestration
Department of Energy (DOE) energy performance simulations revealed that prototype electrochromic windows with solar.optical properties that are achievable today meet cost.effectiveness criteria marginally for commercial and residential applications throughout the U.S [1].
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, needless expenditure on energy costs amounts to more than $20 billion a year. Unfortunately, most people are unaware that they have alternatives, in the form of more energy.efficient windows and other fenestration products. Electrochromic windows can control the amount of daylight and solar heat gain through the windows of buildings and vehicles. The ability to control these parameters using an ..."

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of green architecture which simply means building in a way that is in harmony to nature, as opposed to being superimposed on it. This research demonstrates through example how green architecture in Japan is a direct result of traditional elements found in Japanese religion and culture. The paper provides examples of different "green" architects and some of their works.

Table of Contents

Defining Green Architecture
An Overview of Japanese Philosophy
Building Material for Green Architecture
Environmental Psychology
Blending the Old with the New
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Man has been building structures since shortly after they began to emerge from caves and to explore areas outside his immediate vicinity. Many animals build structures, such as birds and beaver. Many of these structures are functional and serve only to offer protection from predators and the elements, and so it was with the first structures built by man. They were made from the limited building materials locally available and the emphasis was on functionality, little, if any thought was given to artistic form."

Tags:building, structures, harmony, nature, oriental, shinto, feng, shui, environmental, psychology

Abstract
This paper looks at the accomplishments of Robert Moses who was appointed Head of the Parks Commissions of New York and Long Island in 1924. The author discusses how Moses' career was long and proud, even though at various points he had several opponents.

From the Paper
"?It was the scale of the thing - nothing like this had ever been done in public recreation in America.? "We thought he was nuts." These were only two of the diverse reactions to the vision of Robert Moses right at the start. That vision occurred to him in the impossible years of the first decades of the 20th century, when only visionaries could have conceived of what he imagined. But today, there is no arguing the concrete fact that no man in the entire United States who had more to do with public works than he (The Atlantic Monthly 1945).

In the 1930s, 1940s and 1850s, he was king of the roads and the parks and the highways who forever transformed the urban landscape of the Big Apple through his public works projects."

Tags:new, york, long, island, park, commission, city, plan, roads, biography

Abstract
This paper examines and documents data pertaining to all aspects of wind energy. Presented within the paper are facts and illustrations with regards to wind turbine energy systems, including environmental impacts, advantages, disadvantages, turbine operations, turbine mechanics and statistical data. Moreover, historical facts along with current and future trends regarding wind turbines are discussed. The primary scope of this paper is to put emphasis on the importance of alternative sources of energy. The paper explains that the current uses of non-renewable and unclean fossil fuels are not only depleting at an alarming rate, but are wreaking havoc on the environment due to the harmful pollutants that are emitted from their use. The paper concludes that wind energy systems are quickly becoming main-stream for both governments and private ownership alike; wind power is the wave of the future! This paper contains illustrative figures.

Outline:
Abstract
A Brief History of Wind Mills
Wind Turbines of Today
Missouri Incentives
Current Technologies
Pros & Cons
Key Locations
Constructing a Turbine
Turbine Components
Conclusion
Literature Cited

From the Paper
"The cost of producing wind generated electricity is decreasing with the help of new technologies. Since the implementation of green pricing programs and tax breaks for renewable energy, the growth of wind turbines and farms are being encouraged. Utility providers throughout the United States are offering a green pricing option which allows customers to opt out of using fossil fuels, and instead renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Unfortunately prices for renewable energy are typically more expensive as a consumer, but at least the option is available (DOE, 2009)."

Tags:alternative, power, generation, natural, environmental

Abstract
The social and physical environments are not the only components one has to consider when studying youth and their spaces. On the contrary, research has alluded to something far more important: The perceived environment. This paper looks at literature on the subject, including Gill Valentine's article, "Children should be Seen and not Heard". The paper shows that many youth rely on public places to escape from the adult world and to roam freely with their peers with whom they can relate. It questions therefore whether public places are indeed "public" or whether they are simply places where adults continue to dictate the rules. It argues that youth should feel that they have as much of an important role in society in the development and shaping of culture and the identity of a place as adults. The paper concludes that, unfortunately, regardless of youth's efforts to claim certain spaces, adults still maintain control over the majority of public space.

From the Paper
"The spaces and places that youth inhabit are essential aspects of their physical, cultural and historical identity. Youth culture is argued to be a system of social relations where articulation of contacts and influences are drawn from power relations, fashions and habits (Massey, 124). Thus, the relations that take place between youth and society have an impact on shaping not only their perceived space but youth's identity and culture as well. The cognitions that youth collect relative to important settings in their lives help shape what has been referred to as their place identity. Place identity evolves, not merely in response to the physical properties of children's surroundings, but also as a product of social roles "their own and others- that help them understand who they are and how they are to behave" (Boocock, 36). This engagement with spaces, places, and people contributes to their competence in, and control over, their world and their culture. Doreen Massey argued that all relations that construct space are in one way or another always instilled with power. It is believed that sometimes adults possess a certain power over controlling youth and their perceptions of their respective environments. Although adults feel this control over place is playing an active role in the safety of youth in today's society, their control is in fact inhibiting the growth of youth today."

Tags:Boocock