Abstract
This paper examines the current guidelines and issues facing airports and their relationship to the local environments. Although airports are a necessary part of today's fast-paced global environment, environmental pollution is the issue the Federal Aviation Administration and other government agencies must work together to try to solve. This paper looks at how these agencies have tackled and are tackling environmental issues.

From the Paper
"Airports are a necessary part of today's fast-paced global environment. It goes without saying that our world would certainly be a different place without them. Millions depend on them every day to get them to their destinations. However, airports have many negative effects as well, especially to the local environment. Airports are a source of smog, contaminate waterways, contribute to global warming through the emission of greenhouse gases, and generate significant amounts of noise pollution (NADC, 1996)."

Tags:issues, safety, policy, environmental, social, economic, consequences, airport, improvement, pollution

Abstract
Wind power could be the wave of the future; however, it hasn't been utilized to even a small percentage of its full potential. In this essay, the advantages of wind power are explored, and concerns about the transition to this form of energy are addressed.

From the Paper
"It is the year 2003, and Americans are in a crisis. This predicament is much greater than the obvious issues currently plaguing this country. The threat of terrorism and our economic recession might be setbacks to the nation's progress, but the United States of America's dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear power is alarming. Even when scientific advancements have been made concerning the harnessing of renewable and perpetual resources for energy, especially wind power, it is highly neglected. Although it has been used in several states, wind energy has still faced opposition and hasn't been used to its full potential, even though it is the better bargain in the long run."

Tags:alternative, energy, environment, sources

Abstract
This paper reviews the horrific mining disaster that took place in a West Virginia mining town in 1972. Information regarding the loss of life and property is taken from Gerald Stern's book, "The Buffalo Creek Disaster: How the Survivors of One of the Worst Disasters in Coal-Mining History Brought Suit Against the Coal Company--And Won". The paper also looks at the negligence of the Buffalo Mining Company, which caused one of the worst man-made disasters in history and the legal case brought against them by survivors of the tragedy.

From the Paper
"A few days prior to February 26, 1972, rain fell almost continuously, which was typical for this time of year. Buffalo Mining officials, concerned about the condition of the highest dam, measured water levels every two hours the night of the twenty-fifth. Although a Pittston official in the area was alerted to the increasing danger, the residents of the hollow were not officially informed. The one positive about living in a small town is that news travels fast. So, despite the lack of warning from company officials, some residents discerned the danger and moved to higher ground. At 8:05 a.m., the dam collapsed and the water obliterated the other two impoundments. Approximately 132 million gallons of black, waste water hurried through the narrow Buffalo Creek concave."

Tags:pittston, buffalo, creek, black, water, released, dam, gob, mud, middle, fork

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of illegal immigration in the United States. Specifically, it discusses the reasons illegal immigrants come to America and the political debate that surrounds these immigrants.

From the Paper
"Some immigrants are fleeing financial hardships in their home countries, and they hope to make a better life for themselves in the United States. They are fleeing poverty in their own countries, but often, they find it again here in the United States. One report notes, "In 1999, more than one-third (36.3 percent) of foreign-born full-time, year-round workers earned less than $20,000 compared to one fifth (21.3 percent) of their native counterparts" ("The Cost"). Thus, many of these immigrants are fleeing poverty, but, because of higher living expenses in the United States, they still cannot make ends meet, even with better paying jobs than they could find in their own country."

Tags:fleeing, persecution, prosecution, country, financial, hardships, u.s., residency, documents

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the differences in four social classes: lower, working, middle, and upper, based on income, race, sex, and education and to show how these clear divisions in society lead to stereotypes, social expectations and limitations.

From the paper:

"Differences in each of the four classes are marked when income is the factor differentiating them. 11.3 per cent of Americans live in poverty, and can be considered part of the lower and working classes. In the U.S. today, 16 percent of the population falls into the "lower" class. Thirty-eight per cent fall into the "working," or "blue-collar" class. Forty-four per cent fall into the "middle" and "upper middle" class, and 2 per cent fall into the "upper" class. The lower and often working classes are often characterized as less educated. They tend to live in urban areas, and do not own their own homes. The middle and upper classes tend to own their own homes, often are two-career couples by choice, and usually live in less urban and more rural areas or suburbs of larger cities. They are usually better educated than the lower and working classes, often with advanced college degrees."

Tags:division, social, differences, advantage, disadvantage, rich, poor

From the Paper
Two Ideal Cities
"Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier were both visionary architects and urban planners. Wright and Le Corbusier both hated the state of modern cities and both wished to transform the nature of cities. Wright once said, "To look at the plan of any great city is to look at the cross section of some fibrous tumor.". Their ideas on how this transformation should be achieved, however, were completely different. The solutions they found to practical problems of urban planning reflect their differing social theories and value systems.

Le Corbusier was born in Switzerland, while Wright was born in America. Both architects grew up away from the great urban centers that they ended up revolutionizing. Frank Lloyd Wright's ideal city was called the Broadacre City, and he presented the ... "

Abstract
The social and physical environments are not the only components one has to consider when studying youth and their spaces. On the contrary, research has alluded to something far more important: The perceived environment. This paper looks at literature on the subject, including Gill Valentine's article, "Children should be Seen and not Heard". The paper shows that many youth rely on public places to escape from the adult world and to roam freely with their peers with whom they can relate. It questions therefore whether public places are indeed "public" or whether they are simply places where adults continue to dictate the rules. It argues that youth should feel that they have as much of an important role in society in the development and shaping of culture and the identity of a place as adults. The paper concludes that, unfortunately, regardless of youth's efforts to claim certain spaces, adults still maintain control over the majority of public space.

From the Paper
"The spaces and places that youth inhabit are essential aspects of their physical, cultural and historical identity. Youth culture is argued to be a system of social relations where articulation of contacts and influences are drawn from power relations, fashions and habits (Massey, 124). Thus, the relations that take place between youth and society have an impact on shaping not only their perceived space but youth's identity and culture as well. The cognitions that youth collect relative to important settings in their lives help shape what has been referred to as their place identity. Place identity evolves, not merely in response to the physical properties of children's surroundings, but also as a product of social roles "their own and others- that help them understand who they are and how they are to behave" (Boocock, 36). This engagement with spaces, places, and people contributes to their competence in, and control over, their world and their culture. Doreen Massey argued that all relations that construct space are in one way or another always instilled with power. It is believed that sometimes adults possess a certain power over controlling youth and their perceptions of their respective environments. Although adults feel this control over place is playing an active role in the safety of youth in today's society, their control is in fact inhibiting the growth of youth today."

Tags:Boocock

Abstract
The paper examines the environmental issues in Lake Simcoe, one of the popular summer resort areas in southern Ontario. The paper discusses the effects of urbanization, recreation and water pollution on the lake and its marine life. The paper also shows how air pollution affects the lake, directly and indirectly. The paper calls for each one of us to do our part in the conservation effort.

Outline:
Introduction
Urban sprawl
Lake Simcoe and Recreation
Impact on Marine Life
Air Pollution on the Watershed
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Lake Simcoe is one of the popular summer resort areas in southern Ontario [1]. This body of water is located between the Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario and is often used for recreational boating and fishing [2]. The Lake Simcoe watershed and the Nattawassaga watershed are the two major sources feeding Lake Simcoe and cover 744 square kilometres surrounding most of the lake and is currently a hot spot for environmental action. Not only does the general population around the lake depend on it as their drinking water, but the lake itself is responsible for generating more than $200,000,000 per year in recreational revenue [4]. So it is disturbing to know that urbanization is leading to the pollution of the lake in terms of increasing levels of sewage, air pollution, and phosphorous among others [5]."

Tags:urban, sprawl, recreation, water, air, pollution

Abstract
This paper discusses the rise of the Community Orientated Policing and Problem Solving (COPPS) program, showing the positive influence it has had on tough neighborhoods and the satisfaction a community feels in having helped make theirs safer.

From the paper:

"Crime is an issue of paramount social importance, one that directly and indirectly affects each and every member of society. The costs associated with crime are not merely financial. Emotional costs result when a criminal murders or severely injures an individual=s family member or close friend, or when an offender is incarcerated, depriving his or her family of the emotional and/or financial support. Public concern has increased over specific aspects of the crime problem in recent years, namely domestic violence, drug-related crime and violence, gang-related crime and violence, juvenile crime, prison reform, and the role of television in producing violence. Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPPS) gathered momentum in the 1980s and focuses on partnerships between communities and police officers, i.e., empowering citizens to shoulder their share of the responsibility and tough work of making their neighborhoods safer."

Tags:crime, communal, enforcement, police, justice

Abstract
This paper discusses some aspects of the Kyoto Protocol and attempts to explain the urgency of it. The author also explains global warming it's causes and effects, by giving examples of companies that have thrived on being more "eco-friendly", and also examples of why the Kyoto Protocol will not be as detrimental as many predict.

From the paper:

"Global warming is not a myth but a present reality due to the extreme amounts of greenhouse gases that industrialized countries emit daily. The Kyoto Protocol, as this paper while argue, is a preventative measure of this horrific possibility."

Tags:environment, gas, greenhouse, sustainability