Abstract
The author uses Primo Levi's autobiography, "Survival in Auschwitz," to describe the everyday life of a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camp, Auschwitz. The author gives a brief biography of Primo Levi, and describes how he ended up at Auschwitz, including his experiences on the train ride from Italy. Some of the issues discussed are the day-to-day activities in the camp, and how Levi actually managed to survive the horror in which he was living.

From the Paper
"Yet another element in his survival was his friendship with two Italians, Alberto, a fellow Hftling, and Lorenzo, an Italian civilian worker at the Buna installation whom Levi met by chance. Levi was assigned to Alfredo's block after a two-week stay in the Ka-Be (sick house.) Levi and Alberto shared rations and supported each other in their quest for survival. Lorenzo's friendship was of even greater importance. Lorenzo became Levi's protector and brought him a piece of bread and what was left of his ration every day for six months. Lorenzo's conduct was atypical of the civilian behavior toward the Hftlinge in the camp. The civilians saw the degraded and disfigured slaves as deserving of their fate even when they threw them potatoes or bread. Above all, Lorenzo treated Levi as a human being, and it was that treatment which Levi believes kept him alive."

Tags:camps, concentration, poland, levi, primo, italy, lager, chambers, gas, factory, monowitz, friendship, treatment, rations, march, evacuation, ss, tatoo, jews, european, army, red

Abstract
This book review gives Azug's historical documentation on America's role during the holocaust. It examines the context precluding the holocaust in European anti-Semitism, and how America sometimes ignored the truth during the holocaust.

From the paper:

"This book allows us to examine what exactly Americans knew about the Holocaust while it was happening and what and when did the United States and Americans know about Hitler's horrific Final Solution "It asks Americans to ask themselves why was there no intervention by linking historical narrative to primary, contemporary sources. Abzug both chronicles the events in Nazi Germany and examines the resurgence of anti-Semitism across the world, linking the tightening of immigration policies in the United States to fears of contamination by lesser races " a philosophy not that different from Hitler's own."

Tags:Jews, anti-semitism, Germany, Nazi

Abstract
This essay examines the claims of India and Pakistan over Kashmir, and examines some of the more viable solutions towards ending the fifty year standoff, concluding with a proposition for self-determination. It also suggests solutions to avoiding a nuclear conflict.

From the Paper
"Few current events are capable of conjuring the level of passion characteristically aroused in the debate over the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The valley that has historically been characterized by the beauty and fertility of its land is now depicted in routine acts of violence, religious extremism, and human rights atrocities, and the issues at hand are as convoluted as the region's ancient history. Most aspects regarding Kashmir's current turmoil remain obscured to outsiders by ambiguity and propaganda. What have become evident, however, are the countless atrocities routinely perpetrated over the past several decades. Since 1947, Pakistan and India have twice declared war over the disputed territory, and have persistently engaged in low-level border skirmishes, which have left thousands dead. Because both counties now possess nuclear weapons, the international stakes in resolving the conflict have never been greater. Although both India and Pakistan have undoubtedly played a role in the violence, one's view of the crisis depends upon which account has been given, as both countries seem more interested in distorting the facts to aid their own cause, rather than viewing acts of violence individually and objectively."

Tags:asia, conflict, determination, extremism, foriegn, fundamentalism, hindu, independence, india, islam, jammu, jihad, mujahadeen, musharraf, nuclear, pakistan, policy, proliferation, religious, self, south, threat

Abstract
This paper discusses the struggling relationship between India and Pakistan, primarily over the region of Kashmir. It details the history of the problem including the nuclear aspect, briefly discusses other possible solutions, and formulates a unique multi-faceted solution.

From the Paper
"Ever since 1947, India and Pakistan have waged fierce war over a variety of issues. When India completed nuclear testing in May of 1998, and Pakistan shortly after, the issue was given unique attention. Because it s spread alongside India, Pakistan has a lack of strategic depth. The danger is that this means that any war would rapidly lead to the possibility of nuclear escalation. As a result, the task of avoiding conventional warfare between the neighbors assumes increased importance (Swarts 10). Strain between the two States is the effect of a diverse range of problems, including economic conditions, leadership clashes, and primarily religious diversity and territorial contention. The territorial dissension is based principally over the region of Kashmir, which both India and Pakistan claim full possession of. There are allegations that as many as one half of a million Indian troops and as many as a fourth of a million Pakistani troops are stationed in Kashmir. What can be done to prevent a nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan? This is a question that has absorbed more unbroken attention than almost any other news subject."

Tags:conflict, india, kashmir, pakistan, war, nuclear, energy, history, tribal, ethnic, border

Abstract
This paper talks about the background of the Cherokee Indians, the Indian Removal Act, the removal forts they were put into, and the trail of tears they trudged on, and symbols that symbolize the trail of tears and the pain the Cherokee Indians endured. The author includes several maps in the paper.

From the Paper
'In the 1800s, the Cherokee Indians were forced off their ancestral lands in Georgia and coerced to march the long, bitter journey to Oklahoma, where the government had decided they should live. This journey became known as the "Trail of Tears" for the grief it caused the Cherokee. It was called "Nunna dual Tsuny" by the tribe, which literally meant the "Trail Where They Cried". The Cherokee were a friendly tribe, but were stripped of justice as they were made to trudge hundreds of miles in bad weather; many were treated brutally, and many died either in concentration camps or on the trail itself."

Tags:act, cherokee, forts, general, georgia, guard, indian, indians, removal, reservation, scott, territory, winfield

Abstract
This paper examines the historical background of the conflict in the Middle East between Palestine and Israel, and notes that while this conflict is promoted in the media as being a relatively ?new? phenomenon that it is actually another stage in an ongoing conflict between these two peoples. Factors that are addressed as contributing to this conflict are those of religion and politics. There is a strong slant towards the Palestinians being unjustly vilified in the media. There is a brief mention of Osama bin Laden and his involvement in the conflict.

From the Paper
"The recent hostilities between the Palestinian and the Israeli people is a negative note in what had seemed to be progress in ending the ongoing conflict between these separate people. Prior to the events of violence that were started once more in the spring of last year, the Palestinian and the Israeli people were apparently working towards a position of peace in the Middle East. However, this was not to be. The existing social tensions between the Palestinian and the Israeli people was too deeply rooted within their histories and cultures to provide a simple solution, which the negotiations that were prevalent at the time were attempting to achieve. "

Tags:accord, arab, arafat, bin, jerusalem, jew, laden, muslim, nations, osama, oslo, united

Abstract
The paper looks at Daniel Byman's thesis on ethnic terrorism and examines the IRA in Ireland, the ETA in Spain, the PKK in Turkey and the LTTE in Sri Lanka as terrorist groups fighting for nationalistic purposes. The paper shows how these groups are seen as outcasts in their homeland and find terrorism their only option to gain recognition.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Byman's logic of ethnic terrorism
The ETA in Spain
The PKK in Turkey
Ireland and the mutating IRA
The liberation of tigers of tamil eelam
Summary

From the Paper
"Daniel Byman provides a thesis on ethnic terrorism. He states ethnic terrorists are usually more nationalistic than their religious counterparts as they attempt to forge a national identity (White, 2002). These groups make themselves known through acts of violence. As long as a bomb goes off or a police officer is murdered, the identity and existence of ethnic differences cannot be denied (White, 2002). Anyone that does not belong to the group is the enemy; therefore, it does not matter who they kill. This radical philosophy is extremely difficult to use counterterrorism methods against. A government must convince the leaders of the ethnic group in question that it has a vested interest in maintaining the social structure and it can achieve its goals by working within the current system (White, 2002)."

Tags:ETA, Spain, PKK, Turkey, LTTE, Sri, Lanka

Abstract
This paper discusses the opposite ideas of trust and betrayal through two short stories, "Gregory" and "Just Lather, That's All" where the male protagonists battle a tough choice that in the end makes a large difference to their rivals. The author shows how trust and betrayal are closely knit through circumstantial pressures and personality flaws.

From the Paper
"Trust is a very delicately woven part of our lives, created in strange ways. Gregory, from the story of the same name, shared that "Those who eat from the same mess tins and drink from the same water canteens...remain good friends" (154). The circumstance of Gregory being a prisoner of war, allows the captor to connect in unexpected ways to his captive. The war background of both stories makes for stark realizations about the core of human traits and logic. The narrator, who was holding Gregory, could have let prejudice and the situation of war dictate the terms of their friendship. In time, the narrator manages to look past their captor-captive complex relationship and comes to realize "that they had the same headaches back home as we did" (155). The common threads of love and family dilemmas let the captors see that the only thing preventing their companionship was the circumstance of combat. An intricate relationship unfolded between the storyteller and prisoner, which appeared to need no real verification and no occasion arose for a test, until the conclusion. The finale reveals the fine line between trust and betrayal is thinner than expected.
"Evidence is not necessary to prove how much you are trusted. Unspoken faith in someone is just as powerful. Captain Torres in the story 'Just Lather, that's all' seems confident that the barber will not kill him, though they are enemies. In the final lines of the story, he says, "They told me that you'd kill me. I came to find out" (2). The captain was so sure that his own power would protect him that he could afford to trust pretty much anyone, even putting himself - quite literally - in the hands of an adversary. He put his full faith in power. The expression you must love yourself before you can love others applies greatly to trust. If you do not trust your own judgment, how can you trust those of another? Captain Torres exemplifies this idea by his actions. In the end, both hero and contender of "Just Lather, that's all' seem to come to the conclusion (in Torres' words) "But killing isn't easy. You can take my word for it" (2)."

Tags:morals latino death murder pressures trust betrayal

Abstract
This paper questions the racial profiling by the American government towards Arabs and Muslims. It argues whether this should be allowed during these times of uncertainty due to September 11th since they are at war with terrorism where the members of the Al Qaeda, a militant Arab group, are the only subjects.

I. Background and definition of racial profiling
A. Overview of September 11th
B. Korematsu vs. U.S. Supreme Court case
C. Current suspects caught due to racial profiling
D. Thesis statement
II. Disagreements about racial profiling
A. Innocent suspects
B. Racial discrimination
C. Other ways to catch the terrorists
III. Racial profiling is helpful in the war against terrorism
A. Terrorists try to blend in with society
B. Every suspect has been Arab and Muslim
C. Faith in the U.S. Military
D. Military protection
IV. Racial profiling and citizens
A. Racial profiling should be left up to the government
B. The government is trained to deal with racial profiling- ordinary citizens are not
C. Living our lives in fear lets terrorism win

From the Paper
"Racial profiling is when someone is treated differently because they belong to a specific race. After the tragic events of September 11th of 2001 U.S., government and airport officials have targeted Arabs and Muslims as suspects of future terrorist action. Racial profiling has been going on for generations. During World War II the Japanese living in the U.S. were placed in military observation zones in California due to their Japanese ancestry after Pearl Harbor was bombed in December of 1941. The legal matter was argued in the Supreme Court in the case, Korematsu v. US. The young Korematsu's argument was based on the unfair "imprisonment in a concentration camp solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States." The United States case later goes on to claim: Korematsu was not excluded from the Military Area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we were at war with the Japanese Empire, because the properly constituted military authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures. Congress, reposing its confidence in this time owar in our military leaders as inevitably must-- determined that they should have the power to do just this."

Tags:11th, arabs, muslims, paper, profiling, racial, research, september, terrorism, 911

Abstract
This paper explores the underlying motives for "Operation Iraqi Freedom" and questions whether it is about the liberation of people from the whims of a madman or simply a clash of civilizations. It examines the underlying premise behind the current (2003) war and analyzes Saddam Hussein as a rising global threat and his contribution to terrorism. The paper also explores the the cultural clashes between Western and Arabic civilization and the role that oil plays in the current dispute. Finally, the paper uses research based on Samuel P. Huntington's article "The Clash of Civilizations", (1993).

From the Paper
"The current war is by no means new. It has simply extended west. Iraq geographically encompasses where civilizations first began. It is in this area that ruthless tribes struggle for power against nature, power against death, and power against man. It is in this area that man birthed religion, who begat politics. As history created itself, man forged tribes creating distinct lines. These lines Huntington term the fault lines. They can be drawn back to the Hapsburg and Ottoman empires. Historically the nations to the north and west have always been more prosperous. They together they share feudalism to the reformation to the industrial revolution. The people of the south and east experienced history differently. They were less better off economically and politically. They shared ruthless barbarians, constant warfare and genocide. (Huntington 1993)"

Tags:capitalism, Ba'athist, 911, Camp, David