Abstract
This paper takes a look at a slave uprising as documented in Stephen Oat's book Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion. It analyzes the main character of the book, Nat Turner and how his seemingly small scale revolution set the wheels in motion for the eventual abolishment of slavery.

From the paper:

"Stephen Oates, in his book Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion, crafts a compelling story. The story of this slave rebellion is indeed so compelling a one that it would be hard to imagine a telling of it that was not fascinating. But in the end Oates, despite his credentials, does a disservice both to Turner and to the larger forces at work in the decades before the Civil War. In order to assess Oates's treatment of Turner, it would be useful to examine what is generally known and agreed to about Turner. He was born on a plantation in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1800 and was from a very early age a popular religious leader among his fellow slaves. In part due no doubt to whatever had motivated him to become interested in preaching and in part because he was so popular with other slaves who came to listen to him talk about God, Turner became convinced that he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom."

Tags:freedom, revolution, lynche, martyr, motivation, research, rebellion, facts, North, South, plantation

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the immigration of Mexicans to the United States. The first part of the paper will describe the history of this immigration. This will cover the period from the Mexican-American War to the present. The second part of the paper will examine the problems the immigrants faced in assimilating into American culture. This will look at the problem of discrimination and the participation of Mexican-Americans in the political process.

A History of Mexican Immigration
There is little evidence of Mexican immigration to the United States on a massive scale prior to the Twentieth Century. On the contrary, Americans migrated to Mexican lands throughout the Nineteenth Century. The Spanish had created settlements throughout..."

Tags:IMMIGRATION, MEXICO

Abstract
This paper reviews John Ehle's book, "Trail of Tears", which provides a thorough review of the Cherokee people, starting from their first encounter with Europeans. The paper presents the book's argument that the Cherokee efforts to adopt and adapt to the cultural achievements of whites, while advancing their own culture, fundamentally shaped their history.

From the Paper
"In Trail of Tears, John Ehle poignantly depicts the unique struggle of the Cherokee to defend against the onslaught of the advancing "white storm." As they initially realized the futility of violent resistance, the Cherokee enthusiastically devoted themselves to ensuring the societal advancements that would grant them peaceful and prosperous co-existence with the whites. Thanks to the visionary leadership of individuals such as Major Ridge, the tribe successfully fought off internal division, reactionary traditionalism, and white interference in order to forever disprove the fallacy that Indians were incapable of "civilization.""

Tags:indian, jackson, Tenskatawa

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion on the causes of violence and the risks of exposure to violence in youth. The author looks at three studies that research the above by investigating family functioning and community surroundings, personal victimization and relations to victims and effects of home and race.

From the Paper
"Although the research compiled on the causation of violence in youth is endless, few studies have focused their attention onto the exposure of violence in youth as a cause of aggressive or violent behavior. Additionally, fewer studies have researched what the risks of exposure to violence in youth consist of. In order to decrease violence in our youth, we must be aware of the risks. To accomplish this goal, research must be conducted, reviewed and continued. Three recent studies on the risk of exposure to violence are discussed within. All three studies included minority adolescent participants and ranged from ages 10-19, while two of the studies included the adolescents' primary care providers. Independent variables in one study primarily focused on family functioning and community environments. The second study looked mainly at personal victimization and relationships to victims in violence witnessed. The third study's primary independent variables were devoted to household income and race/ethnicity. By conducting research through interviews and self-report questionnaires, performing statistical tests, including chi square and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), each of the studies found significant results in relation to a risk of violence exposure. Lastly, further research suggestions for different perspectives on exposure risks in youth are included."

Tags:adolescent, ethnicity, methods, race, research, risk, aggressive, behavior, criminal, juvenile, delinquency

From the Paper
"Everyday, young American students stand up in schools across the nation and pledge their allegiance to the flag. Over and over they recite the values and traditions of the only country they know. However, some students in these classrooms have come to America from other countries or have different backgrounds. These students are often stereotyped and looked down upon by other students as well as teachers for their different appearances, customs, ideals, traditions, languages, and even mannerisms. It is imperative that efforts of instilling equality are made towards the social treatment of - and educational opportunities for - students of minority backgrounds."

Tags:immigration, issues, melting, mexican, pot, spanish, speaking, theory

Abstract
This paper explains that Canadian senior immigrants are more vulnerable to social isolation and exclusion than Canadian-raised seniors; therefore, it is important to consider the importance of social inclusion for this population. The author points out that problems, such as the lack of social and family support, the lack of knowledge of the English/French language and the lack of community resources have resulted in senior immigrants becoming more socially excluded. The paper stresses that, to encourage social inclusion, social workers need to help break down these barriers, which have caused senior immigrants to face problems of accessibility to services. The author underscores that it is important to not homogenize the senior population but rather to offer culturally sensitive and accessible programs that meet the needs of specific immigrant senior populations and that encourage them to meet their own specific needs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Senior Immigrants: Exploring Assumptions and Reality
Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion
Barriers to Services
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Contemporary Canadian society is among the most diverse in the world: the 2001 Census lists around two hundred ethnic groups. Among the immigrant population, 68% of all immigrant seniors are originally from Europe and 19% come from Asia (one in five). This development is the result of a change in immigration patterns since the 1960s, when the trend of admitting immigrants from Europe shifted to one admitting people from all over the world, especially Asia. For the purpose of this paper, senior immigrants can be defined by age as legal immigrants 65 years old and above."

Tags:holistic, inclusion, language, barriers, process

Abstract
This paper looks at how residential schools influenced the First Nation Peoples of Canada, their families and their culture. Information on the many types of abuse suffered in the schools and accounts from actual students interviewed. Apology as written by the Government of Canada to Canada's First Nations people.

From the Paper
"I would like to discuss a very sensitive topic about Canadian Aboriginal Residential Schools and the effect it had on both Native peoples and their culture. I am referring to the "abuse," mainly sexual. The assaults that transpired at these learning institutions (so they were called), was shockingly sorted and disturbing. I feel that the situations that occurred in which native children were sexually abused and the scars it left on the Aboriginal people and their families, is not fully understood. I want to give light to the real activities that took place in such institutions that were designed to train Aboriginals to be "good white citizens." "

Tags:aboriginal, government, racism

Abstract
This paper argues that the special rights that Aboriginals are granted in Canada violate Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which states that all individuals are to be treated equally, regardless of their race or ethnic origin. The paper argues that Aboriginals are one group of peoples among many other minority groups that make up Canada. It questions, therefore, why Aboriginals should be given special grants and privileges above everyone else.

From the Paper
"As well, in trying to establish successful colonies, the governments did impose assimilation on Aboriginals; however, Aboriginals were not the only ones subjected to assimilation. Indeed, assimilation and discrimination against certain ethnic groups and races is not a part of history that Canada is proud of, but at the same time it is not an aspect of history that applied only to Aboriginals. Blacks, Asians, eastern Europeans and Irish peoples are just a few of the many cultural groups that were subjected to discrimination upon their immigration to North America. Yet, it is only Aboriginals that are currently granted special rights and benefits in Canada."

Tags:freedoms, colonization, discrimination

Abstract
This paper analyzes and compares two very prominent and informative essays regarding the Metis in Western Canada which are included in the work, "From Ruperts Land to Canada". The first essay discussed is John E. Foster's "Wintering, the Outsider Adult Male and the Ethnogenesis of the Western Plains Metis" which explores the emergence of the culturally distinct Metis through a process of relationship building and trade relations. The second essay discussed is Gerhard J. Ens' "Metis Ethnicity, Personal Identity and the Development of Capitalism in the Western Interior: The Case of Johnny Grant" which focuses on the successes and failures of the Metis in economic terms, as well as how the economic situation of the Metis was a determining factor in how they viewed their true identity (European or Indian).

From the Paper
"The essay written by John E. Foster explored the emergence of the Metis as a distinct cultural group. Gerhard J. Ens took Foster's findings and explored the question of Metis identity in the economic realm. The development of a unique Metis identity was a long and complex process that took several generations to solidify. Foster sees the establishment of the Metis group as not European and not Indian in character, but something entirely different. Ens accepts Fosters theory about the emergence of the Metis people as a new culture, but states that the Metis people only embraced their unique identity in times of economic success. When the going got tough economically, the Metis were quick to downplay the uniqueness and distinctiveness of their Metis status and adopt the identy of one of the fathering cultures (Euro or Indian). When economics is not a determining factor, the Metis like Johnny Grant, recognized their special Metis identity and helped to continue the tradition of country marriage and other crucial relationships that allowed the Metis to emerge."

Tags:ethnogenesis, commis, l?homme, libre

Abstract
This essay analyzes the text of George Ryga's "The Ecstasy of Rita Joe", then links it to issues of publishing, culture, and aboriginal people in Canada. Examines the significance of this publication in light of the Americanization of Canadian literature.

From the Paper
'The Ecstasy of Rita Joe is a series of scenes linked by Rita's memory and associations; their causal relations become clear only through repetition. This cause and effect is well illustrated by a particular scene set: Rita Joe admits to stealing a sweater in court. Later, at a clothing drive arranged by Mr. Homer, Jaimie Paul explicitly forbids Rita Joe from taking a red sweater she is admiring. This cause and effect relationship gives credence to Rita Joe's actions, as we are shown very simply how and why these things happen. Her eventual rape and murder is foreshadowed throughout the play, as "the murderers" are written several times into the background scenes of the play; they act as unknown menacing objects at times that Rita shows vulnerability. In terms of linking this book to the modern day, it is this part of the story that I found so striking and timely, as the book has foreshadowed the reality of the past few decades in the downtown eastside of Vancouver, recently come to a head."

Tags:first, nations, native, studies, talonbooks