Abstract
This paper is a review of Fanon's book, "A Dying Colonialism" that details liberation of Algeria from French colonialism. The history of French occupation and the five year struggle for independence by the Algerians is covered using details from the book. How the revolution changed Algerian society is examined, and how the introduction of modern medicine and technology, allowed the Algerians to make the most of their independence.

From the Paper
"The radio played a large role in the liberation of Algeria. Introduced by the French, it was at first dismissed as an instrument to hold the Algerians down. The radio was established by the French in the form of Radio-Alger, an extension of the French National Broadcasting System, and was used as a way to embed colonial culture into the Algerian people's existence. Through this bombardment of French values, the Algerian people were actually divided further, into those who owned a radio, and those who did not. Generally, the majority of Algerian families rejected having a radio in their household."

Tags:advance, colonist, people, revolution, struggle, technology, french, medical, radio, culture, education, terrorism

Abstract
An analysis of the narrative book 'Frederick Douglas'. A narration about slavery experienced by Frederick Douglass, a slave during the American period of slavery. The author discusses the history of slavery in the American society, its causes and effects.

From the Paper
"This narrative of an American slave shows in great detail, the horrors of being a slave, and the severity and callousness of the slaveholders of the South. The reader witnesses the growth of Frederick Douglass from a young slave to a free man, all the while experiencing the great terrors and misfortunes of slave life. In the South, during the 1800s, it was a crime punishable by death for a slave to be taught to read and write. However, Douglass secretly taught himself, and because of this, we have the opportunity to read one of the most powerful testimonies of slavery in American history."

Tags:civil, trade, war, cruel, abuse, torture, calousness, suffer, freedom, imprisonment, force

Abstract
The paper begins by tracing the origin and development of colonialism throughout Africa. It continues with a colonial history of Chad. Following this historical outline, the paper explores the effects of colonialism on this African country. The paper follows this form (of giving a historical outline and then exploring the effects of colonialism on the country) when discussing Nigeria and Angola. The paper also includes a comparison of the three countries in terms of the political, economic and national consequences of colonialism.

From the Paper
"Colonialism by stronger nations has been a part of history for thousands of years. The Romans practiced colonialism in ancient times, and the practice was exceedingly common in the 19th century. European nations tried to add to their power and prestige by adding to their cache of land, especially in Africa, where countries were ripe for the taking. "This colonial frenzy in the last twenty years of the nineteenth century saw all but 10 percent of the African continent colonized in a complex mix of political, economic, strategic, cultural, and religious rationales" (Wright 13)."

Tags:origin, development, effect, consequence, comparison, economic

Abstract
This paper presents a timeline of events and conceptual analysis of the events leading up to the genocide of the Tutsis by the Hutus in Rwanda in 1994. The paper examines causes of, as well as events which occurred during the genocide. It also looks at the reaction of the international community and what can be done in the future to prevent such a tragedy happening again.

From the Paper
"Many of the early requests and pleas for help were denied. There
was a peacekeeping force in Rwanda called the United Nations
Assistance Mission for Rwanda, but when Force Commander General
Dallaire became aware of the genocide and asked for soldiers and
logistical support, the UN Security Council refused and voted to
reduce UNAMIR down to 260 men. The international community did not
believe that they had any place or any reason to help in Rwanda.
Senator Robert Dole stated, "I don't think we have any national
interest here. I hope we don't get involved there." This was the
thought process of many government officials at this point."

Tags:africa, mitterrand, United, Nations

Abstract
This paper examines the internal conflict that Somalia has faced since civil war broke out there in the early 1990s. First a brief background of the war is given. Then, the debate on how the situation in Somalia should be handled is explored, which includes the role of the UN and the transitional Somali government. The author suggests various methods to bring stability to the political and economic situation in Somalia. These include a look at security issues, the problems of piracy and combating poverty. This proposal, which the author describes as liberal and optimistic with the potential to bring change to the war torn and fragile state of Somalia is presented in-depth throughout the paper.

From the Paper
"The problems in Somalia are complex and multifaceted. Any solution will have to address the situation from the ground up and will have to analyze and rebuild many of the institutions and political systems that were once in place. It is extremely unlikely that this process will happen quickly and effortlessly as it will require commitment and cooperation on the parts of Western and African countries, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs). In order to fully understand the current situation in Somalia however, we must first examine its past and the ways in which the seeds of current problems were sewn."

Tags:Africa, civil war, piracy, Mogadishu, Failed States

Abstract
This paper takes a descriptive look at the difference between weak, failed and collapsed states, naming the theories behind each occurrence. It then goes on to do a comparative case study of two states, namely Angola and Sierra Leone. With a closer look at both Angola and Sierra Leone, the paper concludes that greed and the presence of potential wealth (i.e. natural resources) can truly turn a country upside down. It looks at how both governments used their positions for greed, power and personal gain, and how both almost collapsed in the process.

Outline:
Failed State
Collapsed State
Case Study: Two Failed States; How do they Compare?

From the Paper
"Failed states are also caused by increases in criminal violence, oppression of citizens and lawlessness in the eyes of citizens. This relates directly to the concept of legitimacy loss, where citizens are forced to turn to drug lords or illegitimate means in order to satisfy their basic needs, like food, shelter, security, etc...Failed states have flawed institutions and deteriorating infrastructure (potholes, drinking water, power supply). According to Rotberg, an indicator and not a cause of failed states is the decline in per capita GDP due to increased income disparity (Rotberg 2003: pp.10). Sierra Leone is an example of a failed state, however details will be further discussed in the case study section of this essay, along with Angola. "

Tags:economy, gdp, natural, resources

Abstract
This essay compares the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides to the Holocaust in Europe in the 1930s and 40s. The paper examines who the victims were in each instance as well as whom the perpetrators were that committed these heinous acts. The paper then looks look at the methods and mechanisms used to kill the victims and their degree of efficiency and how they differed in each instance compared to the Holocaust. The paper discusses the time frame and geographic locations, in order to understand the killings better. The paper also tries to explain why these genocides occurred. In conclusion, this paper shows that through methods such as fear and death, all three genocides accomplished the murder of the innocent for the ultimate goal of power none more then the Nazi Holocaust in Europe.

From the Paper
"Throughout the twentieth century, many atrocities have been committed against various ethnic groups throughout the world. Some have been on a large mass scale, with extreme precision and efficiency, others were more primitive. These various scales can be looked at by means of the total number of people killed, the time span it took to kill and dispose of the bodies and the number of people removed forcibly from their homes and taken to other counties to be exterminated. The Holocaust in Europe was the most unique genocide in history. There have not been any other genocides that have been the same since the 1930/40s' massacres on the level of scale or precedence. The killing efficiency that was experienced in the Nazi death camps throughout Europe that claimed the lives of countless victims has not been seen since."

Tags:Nazi, Hitler, anti-semitic, mass, killing, tragedy

Abstract
This paper explores the circumstances surrounding Shaka Zulu's rise to power. It discusses the importance of age regiments to Shaka's success, as well has his skills as a leader. The paper gives a detailed account of the period between 1800 and Shaka's death in 1828.

From the Paper
"When confronted with the issue of great African military leaders, the name Shaka Zulu invariably springs to mind. His prowess in strategy and tactics has spawned comparisons with Napoleon. This man forged a kingdom composed of diverse peoples under one banner, thus creating one of the most famous indigenous African empires ever known. This paper will explore the circumstances surrounding Shaka's rise to power, his period of sovereignty, and finally his death."

Tags:amabutho, dingiswayo, inkatha, kwa, mthethwa, ndebele, ndwandwe, ngwane, pongola, sobhuza, south, zwide

Abstract
The characters in Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" include the Accountant, the Lawyer, and the anonymous narrator, who are listening to Marlow's story. They further emphasize the imperialistic society and their obliviousness to colonialism. The paper examines how the use of these characters represents the idealistic views of the citizens in the society back then: True imperialism does exist, and England's past is a glorious one.

From the Paper
"Conrad uses the anonymous narrator to describe the "mature" Marlow telling everyone about his past as the young Marlow to present a tale of wisdom and allow all characters on the ship the Lawyer, the Accountant, and the anonymous narrator, to understand the consequences of European colonialism. The Accountant and the Lawyer are splendid examples of colonialism; they are men with established status who live in the city oblivious to the torture men in Africa went through for their luxuries, such as dominoes. The Accountant is playing with dominoes at the beginning of the story, "toying architecturally with the bones" (Conrad 1)."

Tags:Congo, River, Kurtz

Abstract
The writer of this paper claims that the 1994 Rwandan genocide of 800 000 people was preventable. The paper shows how during the affair, the UN appeared disorganized and lacked any initiative and the author recounts chains of events and also the results of the UN's actions (or inaction).

From the Paper
"In 1994, from April 6 until June 14, one of worse and deadliest massacres of the 20th century occurred in Rwanda. These bloody two months, triggered by the mysterious assassination of Rwandan President Habyarimana, resulted in the murders of 800,000 people (approximately 6 people per minute). Despite these outrageous figures, the international community reacted in an extremely slow manner. The huge death toll of this genocide could have been prevented if various countries and international organizations had not allowed personal politics hold them back."

Tags:25, dallaire, decision, directive, genocide, hutu, nations, peacekeeping, presidential, romeo, rwanda, tutsi, un, unamir, united