From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to discuss the situation leading to the downfall of Fulgencio Batista, the former dictator of Cuba. This paper will show that, while the United States played a role in exploiting the Cuban people, waste within the Cuban economic and social strata, causing the mistrust of the younger generation, also contributed to the causes of the revolution.


The Cuban revolution happened quite quickly. It occurred between January 1, 1959 and the end of 1960--Batista having fled the country on January 1, 1959. The revolution was comparatively bloodless: although a figure of 20,000 often appears for the number killed by Batista between 1956 and 1958--a figure he vigorously refutes.--the deaths on both sides in the civil war may have been as few as 2,000.. There are many experts who..."

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of Eva "Evita" Peron's life. The author discusses how Eva spent her early years in abject poverty and as a misfit in Argentine society. The author also discusses how she, after a school play, decided to become an actress and trekked to Buenos Aires. While Eva struggled as an actress, her numerous lovers provided her with security and would eventually allow her to meet the Juan Peron, the up-and-coming military command who would eventually become president of Argentina. Eva eventually married Peron, and acting as First Lady, held a considerable amount of power, power which she used to benefit the poor and feminist concerns. While often compassionate, she despised (and was despised by) the upper classes and could be harsh toward dissidents. After her death by uterine cancer in 1952 at age 32, the country went into mourning.

Tags:biography, evita, peron

Abstract
This essay will argue, this role was not simply one of "hawk" or "dove". Rather, Robert Kennedy's position - as did the position of many in Washington in those days - moved depending upon what decision appeared to offer the most "room" to negotiate among a group of generally negative options. However, it was in his extra-constitutional role as an "extension" of the President's will that Robert Kennedy played a dominant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis in three respects. His "negotiations" with the Soviets - often unofficial and conducted outside the usual channels of diplomacy - ensured the maintenance of lines of communication between Moscow and Washington in this crucial time.

Abstract
The central thesis of Eduardo Galeano's 1971 work of poetic, economic nonfiction, "Open Veins of Latin America" is that the cash crops and natural resources of Latin America have provided the fundamental tools for the rich nations of North America and Europe to grow richer, at the expense of the poorest of the poor of Latin America. This paper examines the book and shows how Galeano speaks of the colonial powers as "the winners" and Latin America as "the loser" because of its subsequent political instability after colonial economic exploitation.

From the Paper
"At times, Galeano makes great philosophical leaps, and because his analysis is more poetic than statistical, one must as a reader essentially 'go on a ride' with him, and accept some of his sweeping assumptions about the world. However, the ride is ultimately an enriching one. The world cannot sustain itself, if we all remain focused on selfishly profiting our own nations, as was typical during the colonial era. It is no longer sustainable for a national community to focus on enriching itself with greedy policies, because we as a world have come to see that everyone is affected by such an attitude, from our air, water, soil, and the whole of our environments."

Tags:colonialism, oppression, exploitation, Rio, Grande, trade

Abstract
This paper shows the positive and negative effects of the Age of Discovery on the society of the time. The European population largely enjoyed the positive benefits - exposure to new cultures and open trade routes, new goods and advanced technology. The negative impacts were felt by the populations who were "discovered" for the first time by the Europeans.

From the Paper
"Not unlike the way the "race for the moon" became the driving force of American scientific exploration during the 1950's and 1960's, the race to control the trade routes to the far reaches of the globe and to expand its technological knowledge of navigation became the driving force of Spanish foreign and domestic policy during the period of world history from the 15th to the 17th centuries. This period is also commonly called "The Age of Discovery" by European historians. The economic impact of Spain's forays into the New World or worlds ultimately changed the face of European knowledge of the world and the economic structure of Europe. Both the residents of Spain and Europe as a whole, however, experienced both positive and negative effects of this exploration. However, the effects upon Europe were on the whole largely beneficial, because of the increased exposure to new goods and the expansion of technology and knowledge that came as a result of colonization and exploration. However, the impact upon the existing inhabitants of the New World was largely negative."

Tags:europe, spain, portugal, discovery, technology, inhabitants, colonization, exploration, islam, christianity

Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper examines the role of Simon Bolivar in the war of independence that South Americans waged against the Spanish in the 19th century.

Abstract
The "Trujillo Era", which lasted from 1930 to 1961, is considered by historians to be one of the bloodiest of the twenty-first century. This paper examines how through-out his thirty-one year rule, Trujillo was responsible for many murders and mysterious disappearances, including those of all that opposed him. The paper also discusses how he had a two-faced nature as he opened the doors of his country to Jewish immigrants during the war, and created many national parks and expanded nature preserves.

From the Paper
"The rebellion against Trujillo's predecessor, Horacio Vasquez, began in 1930, when rebels marched on the capital, Santiago. Ordered to subdue the rebels, Trujillo's men met no trouble in their attempt. When Vasquez resigned his presidency, the rebel leader Rafael Estrella became the acting president of the Dominican Republic briefly. His new party, the Dominican Party, nominated Trujillo for the 1930 presidential election, and was elected, after receiving 95% of the votes. The sheer amount of votes suggests that he achieved his victory through fraudulent means. A judge, suggesting that the election was fraught with deception, was forced to escape the country. Wearing a sash declaring 'Dios y Trujillo', after his initiation ceremony on August 16, 1930, he assumed dictatorial powers, finally showing his true colors. "

Tags:dominican, republic, dictator, haitian, massacre, parsley

Abstract
This paper examines urban terrorism and its modern origins. It briefly compares guerrilla warfare and its limited successes. The paper discusses the urban terrorist group known as the Tupamaros, from the organization's beginnings in Uruguay. The paper also highlights various tactics used by Tupamaros and looks at its organizational characteristics.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
The Theory of Urban Terrorism
Terrorism and Guerrilla War
Urban Terrorism in Practice
The Urban Philosophy
Tupamaros Tactics
Organizational Characteristics
Summary

From the Paper
"The Tupamaros were well organized and became an example for other international terrorist groups. Strong internal discipline and existing as a confederacy had helped the Tupamaros. A large network of supporters also helped considerably. The importance of noncombatant columns cannot be overemphasized - the strength of the Tupamaros came from its logistical columns (White, 2002). Intelligence led the police to attack the support network. Police officials reasoned that if they destroyed the logistical network, they would destroy the Tupamaros (White, 2002). They were right and succeeded in 1972."

Tags:bombing, robbery, revolution

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Aztec empire, further examining the ways in which the technological superiority of the Europeans, coupled with sheer good fortune on their behalf, helped them to conquer the Aztecs. First, the paper gives a description of the Aztec's capital city and its living conditions. Then, the author goes on to show the technological superiority of the Spanish, with an emphasis on their firearms, use of steel and of horses. The paper also highlights several incidents of good fortune which made the Spanish conquest less challenging. The paper concludes that the Europeans held important advantages over the Aztecs which resulted in them being able to conquer this part of the New World so effectively.

From the Paper
"It is hard to imagine a city of such grandeur being conquered at all, let alone in a matter of two years by a few hundred men. And yet somehow, Hernan Cortes and a small group of conquistadors were able to defeat the Aztecs and sack their city of Tenochtitlan by means of their advantage technologically and a few lucky breaks along the way. Due to their geographical location, and the trade, resources and interaction with other cultures it afforded them, the Spanish soldiers were equipped with steel, early firearms, and pack animals such as horses. These three items played a large role in the conquest of the Aztec empire."

Tags:Conquistador, Hernando Cortez, Mexico, Tenochitlan, Montezuma, New World

Abstract
This paper examines the actions of Christopher Columbus and reveals his underlying motivations. It is demonstrated that the demands he made were outrageous and he sailed only out of greed. He deceived his crew and manipulated the King and Queen of Castile in a desperate attempt for wealth and glory. It looks at how Columbus' incredible brutality toward the natives not only set a pattern for future contacts between Europeans and Indians but finally outraged the authorities in Spain to the point where he was brought home in chains.

From the Paper
"In the spring of 1486 Columbus brought his plan of a westward voyage to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Castile. Instead of immediately approving his proposition, they appointed a special commission to carefully study his proposals. The commission took four years to make its report and during that time Columbus unsuccessfully took his plan to England and Portugal. When the Spanish commission gave its report, it too condemned his proposed expedition as impractical. Ferdinand and Isabella were too preoccupied with the conquest of the Muslim kingdom of Granada and had no time for voyages into the unknown. Despite all this, they hinted that it might be worth trying again in a few months."

Tags:1492, conquest, discovery, new, salvador, san, spain, voyage, world