Abstract
The following paper examines how well Wolsey and Cromwell supported Henry's ambitions to be a great and grand king. The writer argues that Wolsey's role was to administer, whereas Cromwell reformed and created, and it was mainly due to his efforts that the reign of Henry VIII is seen as a critical point in the transition from medieval to modern government.

From the Paper
"A succession of ministers served Henry VIII during his reign, although today only two, possibly three, names come to mind. Cardinal Wolsey and Thomas Cromwell were the two pre-eminent servants of Henry's reign with others such as Fox, Warham and Gardiner taking a lesser role. Sir Thomas More is possibly better known today for a modern play about him than for what he achieved in three years as Lord Chancellor after Wolsey's fall."

Tags:boleyn, eltham, england, fox, gardiner, government, more, papacy, reformation, warham

Abstract
The paper examines Martin Luther King's non-violent form of opposition, known as Civil Disobedience in the 1960s, in an attempt to put an end to racial segregation in Southern United States. It discusses the attempts of the likes of Wallace Faird, founder of the Nation of Islam movement, who pressed for a more violent uprising and who preached hatred and intolerance. The paper shows that the nonviolent direct action practiced and promoted by Martin Luther King, Jr. was the best option available to the Civil Rights movement in their quest for justice.

Foramt: Chicago Style

From the Paper
"The period of human history in which was conducted the United States Civil Rights movement is oftentimes one of great debate. For the first time, the oppressed people of the South rose up as one to confront the daily challenges of segregation. From the multitude, there arose many great and controversial figures. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a preacher at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery in 1955. His role, as is widely known, in the United States Civil Rights Movement is perhaps the most pivotal of all Civil Rights leaders at the time. Indeed, his was a message quite different from his opposition. Leaders, like Malcolm X, constantly disagreed with his methods of non-violence."

Tags:1960, black, boycott, bus, montgomery, parks, power, rosa

Abstract
This paper explains how, through analysis of Caesar's "The Conquest of Gaul", among other works, one may begin to put together an explanation as to why and how Julius Caesar was so successful in defeating his enemies in such a routine fashion. It shows that, although Caesar has been subject to many subsequent criticisms about the embellishments of his campaigns in his own work, and even his military abilities at the tactical level, his feats are simply too astounding and too well-documented and praised to go unnoticed.

From the Paper
"Caesar's campaigns in Gaul began in fifty-eight BC when the Helvetii, among other peoples, began a mass migration from their homes in Switzerland. Caesar declined their request to pass through Roman territory due to the fact that the Helvetii had killed Roman consul, Lucius Visutskie 2 Cassius, years previous. For this reason, Caesar viewed the Helvetii as a threat to the well-being of their allies, the Sequani and the Aedui, who had been loyal to Rome in the past, and whose territory the Helvetii wished to pass through.3 Since the Helvetii had burned their own towns and villages to the ground, Caesar viewed them as even more dangerous since they had nowhere to retreat to, thus, they would be more willing to face the consequences that resulted from any of their actions.4 Despite Caesar's refusal for the Helvetii to travel through Roman territory, they marched anyway. Caesar reacted to this manoeuver posthaste. By the time Caesar's army had reached the Helvetii army, they had already pillaged the towns and fields of the Aedui and the Sequani, and taken all of their children into slavery.5 This infuriated Caesar, he planned a careful attack on the Helvetii, determined to make them pay. Caesar first attacked a small portion of the Helvetii, whom had not yet crossed the Saone River with the rest of the army, and ravaged them, making somewhat of an example of them. Caesar caught up with the rest of the Helvetii tribe days later and damaged them more in a grueling battle which ended with the retreat of a hundred and thirty thousand Helvetii soldiers. Caesar intelligently sent messages to other allied settlements where the Helvetii could surface, warning them not to provide the Helvetii with food or shelter as they would become the enemy of the Romans if they did. Due to lack of food and nutrition, the Helvetii surrendered within three days and were divided into several groups in accordance with Caesar's wishes.6 Thus, the first campaign of Caesar's conquest into Gaul was not really intended to be a victory for Caesar, and a step in expanding the Roman Empire, but more or less a gesture of assistance to a group who had remained loyal to Rome over many years(as understood by the writings of Caesar himself). Besides being successful in getting the Helvetii out of Rome, Caesar also was quite successful in removing Ariovistus from Roman territory."

Tags:ancient, army, battle, history, imperial, roman, rome, triumvirate

Abstract
The "Trujillo Era", which lasted from 1930 to 1961, is considered by historians to be one of the bloodiest of the twenty-first century. This paper examines how through-out his thirty-one year rule, Trujillo was responsible for many murders and mysterious disappearances, including those of all that opposed him. The paper also discusses how he had a two-faced nature as he opened the doors of his country to Jewish immigrants during the war, and created many national parks and expanded nature preserves.

From the Paper
"The rebellion against Trujillo's predecessor, Horacio Vasquez, began in 1930, when rebels marched on the capital, Santiago. Ordered to subdue the rebels, Trujillo's men met no trouble in their attempt. When Vasquez resigned his presidency, the rebel leader Rafael Estrella became the acting president of the Dominican Republic briefly. His new party, the Dominican Party, nominated Trujillo for the 1930 presidential election, and was elected, after receiving 95% of the votes. The sheer amount of votes suggests that he achieved his victory through fraudulent means. A judge, suggesting that the election was fraught with deception, was forced to escape the country. Wearing a sash declaring 'Dios y Trujillo', after his initiation ceremony on August 16, 1930, he assumed dictatorial powers, finally showing his true colors. "

Tags:dominican, republic, dictator, haitian, massacre, parsley

Abstract
This paper examines the legacy of Richard Nixon.In particular, Nixon?s topsy-turvy relationship with China is examined with focus on the reason behind Nixon dramatically altering American relations with China. Another area that is analyzed is whether Nixon?s pursuit to leave his mark as an elder statesmen rationalized his change of stance in regards to US-China relations.

From the Paper
"Richard Nixon altered the nature of America's relationship with the People's Republic of China for political and personal reasons. Nixon wanted the Soviet Union to be more accommodating to American demands and he saw improving relations with China as the perfect bargaining chip. Nixon also wanted to put an end to the Vietnam War and he tried to use China to do so. Finally, Nixon wanted to show the American public and the world that he and his government could act on the world stage and he attempted to make his mark as an international statesman by improving relations with China."

Tags:cold, henry, history, kissinger, russia, soviet, union, ussr, vietnam, war

Abstract
Gandhi is unquestionably one of the most influential figures in recent history. This paper explores how he used his spiritual beliefs to stage a non-violent revolution and force political and social change in both South Africa and his native India.

From the Paper
"Gandhi lived a spiritual life of prayer, fasting, and meditation. Indians thought of him as a saint and began to call him Mahatma, a title which is only reserved for the greatest sages. Through the practice of non-violence, Gandhi believed Britain would eventually see the wisdom in leaving India. The colonialists, however, did not see things the same way. They claimed that India would be reduced to chaos without British rule. England also believed it had a duty to the Muslim subjects who were a minority. British troops, they said, were essential to maintaining the peace. However, Gandhi believed that the Indian people would much prefer to govern themselves than to continue relinquishing their power to alien authority."

Tags:africa, british, colonialism, satyagraha

Abstract
This essay outlines Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul between 59 and 51 B.C. It outlines major points and battles and, more specifically, centers on how his conquests affected his standing in Rome and his rise to power. The paper also examines Caesar's commentaries on the great battle, "The Conquest of Gaul".

From the Paper
"Instances such as these show Caesar at his finest. With courage and enthusiasm Caesar routinely fought in the front ranks with his troops - leading by example to rally them. They won the battle of Sambre. Out of the force of 60,000 that came against the Romans, only 600 soldiers remained. Furthermore, the Conquest of Gaul not only showed his ability as a leader but also the type of man he was. Caesar was proud to be Roman, and his pride reveals itself in his commentaries. Caesar's commentaries were, in themselves, a reflection of that pride. To Pompey after having his command in Gaul revoked Caesar wrote, ?The glory of Rome has ever been my first object, dearer indeed than life itself.? Rome's will was his ambition."

Tags:Rome, Pompey, Sulla, Marius, Bellovaci

Abstract
This paper discusses Martin Luther King, Jr who changed the face of an entire nation through diplomacy that was hardly ever used in the country's past. The paper aims to prove that Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential figure during African-American Civil Rights Movement in the middle of the twentieth century and that his actions were the catalyst for the results that ensued for the black population of the United States.

From the Paper
"Martin Luther King Jr. was a positive contributor to the African-American Civil Rights movement. Through his accomplishments during a very tumultuous time he was able to lead a significant change to archaic laws, and allow many people to be entitled to their basic civil rights in a free and democratic society. He led many marches and acts of civil disobedience that were directed towards the injustice that the Black American population was facing, often with positive results. Through his non-violent resistance tactics he was able to improve the quality of life for Black people in the United States. He aided in effectively ending segregation in public areas, schools and public transportation with the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He aided in changing the law to permit Black people to vote in elections with the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, especially in the Deep South where it was extremely difficult for Blacks to vote. With his assassination on April 4, 1968 in Memphis Tennessee, it brought an end to an extremely successful and exceptional career in the fight against prejudice and social inequality. Martin Luther King Jr. achievements will never be forgotten."

Tags:injustice segregation, Jim Crow

Abstract
This paper focuses on the military developments and achievements of Peter the Great, who began his rule of Russia in 1789. It examines how, while his advances were remarkable in pushing Russia ahead to join the rest of Europe, the people of Russia suffered greatly. It compares the advantages of having a strong navy and military with the suffering of poverty, starvation and forced labor the peasantry faced. It also includes figures regarding poverty, population, the military, soldiers and taxation.

From the Paper
"For Russia to even hope to gain a Baltic port and further, for Peter to create a powerful nation, the establishment of a trained, and organized standing army became an imminent priority. Peter the Great was enthusiastic about the army, and expected all those around him, form his own son to landless peasants to be equally enthused. He realized that to fill the empty ranks and increase the army's capability, masses of troops were needed. While conscription had been practiced in Eastern Europe during 30 Years War, this was only as an emergency measure, not for the purpose of building a standing army. By using conscription as the principle of an organized method for building a permanent armed force, Peter became, essentially, the first European leader to introduce compulsory military service."

Tags:czar, navy, poverty, taxes, army

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan as the greatest rulers of all time, arguing that Alexander the Great was the greater ruler. It compares and contrasts the empires of both. The armies and military strategies of the two are also discussed.

From the Paper
"Both men developed large empires and although Genghis' empire was larger, Alexander's proved to be more influential to civilizations and empires to come. Alexander had inherited his throne from his father Philip of Macedonia in 356BC at the age of 20. He continued in his father's campaign to rid Greece of the Persians, but he did not stop there. In the span of four years he had conquered all of Persia. By the time of his death, his empire spanned from the Adriatic Sea to India. His main objective was to create a common cultural exchange throughout the world. Due to the extensive trade routes in highly populated areas of that time, he was able to achieve his goal. He succeeded in establishing Greek as the universal language and was able to pass the Greek culture to other countries."

Tags:genghis, khan