Abstract
This paper examines the dream sequence taking place during the garden scene of the movie "The Manchurian Candidate" and its relation to the overall thematic devices and meanings of the film as well as in relation to American culture during the time the film was set. The paper addresses the issues of Cold War paranoia, the threat of Communism, the workings of the mind and the emasculation of motherhood. The paper shows how the movie validates and seems to encourage a vague sense of fear and paranoia towards mothers, neighbors, lovers, communists, anti-communists, British citizens, American citizens and even one's own mind.

From the Paper
"The novel The Manchurian Candidate, written by Richard Condon in 1959, is a political thriller dealing with many of the hot topics of the day: the threat of communism, discrediting Senator Joseph McCarthy, the workings of the mind and emasculating motherhood (Rogin, 1) to name a few. John Frankenheimer's 1962 film version elevates these concepts with more vibrant and salient clarity through his stylistic choices. In particular I will be examining the Ladies' Garden Club dream scene as it appears to several soldiers in their dreams. As the audience enters Bennett Marco's recurring dream, film conventions of a blurred or hazy lens indicating a dream sequence are abandoned. His dream is as crisp and clear as his daily life (Marcus, 3). The only sign that something is amiss is the sporadic and seamless conflating of the Garden Club meeting with an auditorium that seems to be a gathering of the communist United Nations. The confusion of identity and setting Marco experiences is common in dreams and Marco at first wishes to accept this as an explanation. But the truth is far more sinister- the confusion exists in his dream because it is actually a memory; enemy forces have tampered with his brain."

Tags:Cold, War, paranoia, Communism, motherhood, mind

Abstract
The topic of this essay is a book on the Vietnam War which specifically deals with American involvement in the war. It provides a history of the events of Vietnam beginning from the end of World War II, continuing through to the Vietnam War itself. The Indochina War and the second Indochina War are also covered in detail. This is followed up by a discussion about the impact of the Vietnam War up to the present time.

From the Paper
"The book attempts to offer a full and unbiased view of the history of the Vietnam War. This includes discussing the environment that led to American involvement in the war. The political aims and the contribution that politics made are also covered in detail. As well as this the social and economic environment that led to the war are also discussed in detail.
The book has an American viewpoint but does not argue that the decisions made by America were right. Instead it provides enough information that the decisions made can be understood. It is not an argument for America, but does allow the reader to understand how the decisions were made. It attempts to describe all the parties involve and put all the decisions and actions in context."

Tags:america, war, vietnam, indochina

Abstract
This paper discusses American foreign policy before Vietnam and foreign policy in Vietnam, and shows how a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades.

From the Paper
"Though the foreign policies decisions that were instrumental in the Vietnam War were different from the policies that supported other international actions during the 20th century, including World War II and the Korean War, a number of the elements that led to these policies were present in governmental perspectives for decades. One of the most significant influencing factors in the policy developments of the Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations was the perceived threat of communism and the necessity of action to prevent its spread. This factor had been present in the development of foreign policy since before the First World War, and led to the perception of the necessity of force to stomp out its proliferation."

Tags:chi, ho, kennedy, macnamara, minh

Abstract
Examines possible reasons for US entry into the Korean War (1950-53), with reference to several political science theories, such as balance of power and public opinion theories.

From the Paper
"The most apparent theory behind the United States' involvement in the Korean War must be the balance of power theory. Russia was obviously the most threatening side in the Korean War, therefore the states aligned against the Soviet Union. The United States was resolved to contain Russian influence, and prevent threats to world peace and the independence and stability of other nations by resorting to collective security arrangements and acting through the United Nations."

Tags:cold, war, korean, war, russia

Abstract
This paper discusses the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 and how it was the culmination of years of Soviet policy that thrust that country into the maelstrom of the Cold War. It discusses the Soviet foreign policy during the Cold War and their focus on the alliances of the United States. The paper also discusses the US policy towards Afghanistan during this time.

From the Paper
"The year 1986 was one of the most important for the Cold War conflict in Afghanistan. As Gorbachev attempted to reform the USSR through his policies of glasnost and perestroika, he was faced with mounting criticism of the Soviet actions in Afghanistan. Pressure grew internationally, economically, internally and by non-aligned countries; even China made normalization of their relations contingent on withdrawal. His capitulation to this pressure was made clear with his speech to the 27th CPSU Congress in February 1986. In this famous speech, Gorbachev referred to the Afghan war as a "bleeding wound," communicating his intent to begin to disengage. While history has proven Gorbachev's intentions to have been sincere, in Washington, although there was some cautious optimism, there was no easing of the US support to the resistance. In fact, just the opposite occurred."

Tags:congress, invasion, alliance

Abstract
This paper examines the basic political reasons that the United States chose not to win the Vietnam War. The paper provides a historical outline of what went wrong for the U.S.A. in the Vietnam war, and how these errors undermined the American's role in world affairs. The paper claims that America's choice to employ a policy of containment was unsuccessful.

From the Paper
"American foreign policy from the end of the Second World War until the collapse of the Soviet Union consisted of two related aspects. The first of these was a basically military one, and the second, derived from the first was economic in nature. The economic aspect was to establish a cooperative integrated world order with the United States as its leader. In order to achieve this the Americans used the military aspect that was a policy of containment. The physical prevention of the spread of Communism throughout the world by military action as stated in the Truman Doctrine of 1947, and first seen in Greece immediately after the end of the war."

Tags:counter, insurgency, policy, war, miltary, intervention, communism

Abstract
The paper offers arguments on the importance of the U.S.-Indonesia relations during the Cold War era. The main point that this paper reflects is how the potential spread of Communism in Indonesia paved the way for the infiltration of U.S. foreign policy into Indonesia's domestic and foreign affairs. U.S. interest in Indonesia focused mainly on the country's abundance of natural resources and location, and the U.S. attempted to dissuade Indonesia from falling into Communist hands.

From the Paper
"With Sukarno spearheading the quest for Indonesia Merdeka, Indonesian demands for independence grew dramatically, prompting the colonial government to withdraw from its Ethical Policy commitments by the late 1920s. Fearing potential surges of nationalist movements, the leaders of PNI were arrested and later tried. Among others, Sukarno was arrested in December 1929 and put on trial for sedition in 1930, after which he was found guilty and sentenced to four years in prison. The imprisonment of the party leaders led to the dissolution of the PNI in April 1931. The split was thought to have been triggered by disparities in approaches to the nationalist movement, each with ethnic overtones. Furthermore, fueled by their intolerance of radical nationalist movements, the Dutch government formally banned a new stream of nationalist movement in the form of Partindo (Indonesian Party), which replaced the PNI as the new dominant force in nationalist movement."

Tags:asia, policy, southeast

Abstract
This paper looks at how foreign politics triumphed over law in judging genocide in Cambodia. The author feels that foreign influences on Cambodia is the most plausible explanation of why Cambodia became embarked on a path of terror, and how political imperatives continued to outweigh the need to punish genocide. The author looks at Cambodia's history, from when they were a great power in the region, and continues to show how they subsequently became threatened by foreign nations which brought with it centuries of decline in both political, economic and military power. The role that the Cold War played in Cambodian politics, both internal and international is also examined in detail, as are the policies adopted by the Khmer Rouge during the 1980s in an attempt to soften its image in the western world.

From the Paper
"While the world had offered aid to the Khmer Rouge regime when it occupied Cambodia, which the Khmer Rouge refused consistent with its policy of self-reliance, when Vietnam occupied Cambodia, the West refused to provide aid at all leaving only Vietnam and USSR to provide humanitarian aid to avert famine. When aid was finally provided, Western nations only provided it to refugee camps along the Western border with Thailand, territory which was also home to Khmer Rouge guerrilla fighters, to ensure that at least some of the aid went to the Khmer Rouge and their supporters. With the support of the West, the UN voted to continue to recognize the Khmer Rouge regime and offer them a seat at the UN in lieu of the Vietnamese-backed government, which controlled the capital and the vast majority of the country."

Tags:cambodia, genocide, politics, law, rule, american, japanese, killing, fields, pol, pot, khmer, rouge, american, cold, war, government, terror, communism, foreign, wwii, thailand, seato, china, alliance, military, reform, elections, aid, bureaucracy

Abstract
An examination of why almost every revolutionary movement in Latin America in the 1960's and 1970's failed to achieve its aims. The author explains that the aims of these movements were to defeat or topple an existing regime and replace it with a better regime. It shows that these aims failed because of the methods used.

From the Paper
"Latin America has had an abundance of guerrilla movements and guerrilla wars in its history. The majority has these, and the ones concerned with in this paper, have occurred in the last twenty to thirty years. Since the success of Fidel Castro in Cuba in January 1959, numerous attempts have been made to overthrow regimes using the same methods used by Castro. It is here that the various Latin American movements have made mistakes. Cuba appears to have been an "exception to the rule", the methods used there were ineffective elsewhere as is noted by the failure of most of the guerrilla movements from 1959 to 1979. It makes no difference whether the movement is politically "left wing" or "right wing" oriented, the errors are still there."

Tags:america, armed, castro, che, fidel, guerilla, guevera, latin, left, struggle, warfare, wing

Abstract
This paper examines the legacy of Richard Nixon.In particular, Nixon?s topsy-turvy relationship with China is examined with focus on the reason behind Nixon dramatically altering American relations with China. Another area that is analyzed is whether Nixon?s pursuit to leave his mark as an elder statesmen rationalized his change of stance in regards to US-China relations.

From the Paper
"Richard Nixon altered the nature of America's relationship with the People's Republic of China for political and personal reasons. Nixon wanted the Soviet Union to be more accommodating to American demands and he saw improving relations with China as the perfect bargaining chip. Nixon also wanted to put an end to the Vietnam War and he tried to use China to do so. Finally, Nixon wanted to show the American public and the world that he and his government could act on the world stage and he attempted to make his mark as an international statesman by improving relations with China."

Tags:cold, henry, history, kissinger, russia, soviet, union, ussr, vietnam, war