Abstract
This paper is a review of Fanon's book, "A Dying Colonialism" that details liberation of Algeria from French colonialism. The history of French occupation and the five year struggle for independence by the Algerians is covered using details from the book. How the revolution changed Algerian society is examined, and how the introduction of modern medicine and technology, allowed the Algerians to make the most of their independence.

From the Paper
"The radio played a large role in the liberation of Algeria. Introduced by the French, it was at first dismissed as an instrument to hold the Algerians down. The radio was established by the French in the form of Radio-Alger, an extension of the French National Broadcasting System, and was used as a way to embed colonial culture into the Algerian people's existence. Through this bombardment of French values, the Algerian people were actually divided further, into those who owned a radio, and those who did not. Generally, the majority of Algerian families rejected having a radio in their household."

Tags:advance, colonist, people, revolution, struggle, technology, french, medical, radio, culture, education, terrorism

From the Paper
"OPEC was created at the Baghdad Conference of September 10-14, 1960. The five founding members were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. OPEC was formed in response to the over production of oil in the late 1950's which in turn caused the price of oil to drop drastically (Encarta). The objective of OPEC as stated by the member countries is "to co-ordinate and unify petroleum polices among member countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry (OPEC 1)."

Tags:countries, exporting, organization, petroleum, oil, arab, opec

Abstract
This essay examines the claims of India and Pakistan over Kashmir, and examines some of the more viable solutions towards ending the fifty year standoff, concluding with a proposition for self-determination. It also suggests solutions to avoiding a nuclear conflict.

From the Paper
"Few current events are capable of conjuring the level of passion characteristically aroused in the debate over the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The valley that has historically been characterized by the beauty and fertility of its land is now depicted in routine acts of violence, religious extremism, and human rights atrocities, and the issues at hand are as convoluted as the region's ancient history. Most aspects regarding Kashmir's current turmoil remain obscured to outsiders by ambiguity and propaganda. What have become evident, however, are the countless atrocities routinely perpetrated over the past several decades. Since 1947, Pakistan and India have twice declared war over the disputed territory, and have persistently engaged in low-level border skirmishes, which have left thousands dead. Because both counties now possess nuclear weapons, the international stakes in resolving the conflict have never been greater. Although both India and Pakistan have undoubtedly played a role in the violence, one's view of the crisis depends upon which account has been given, as both countries seem more interested in distorting the facts to aid their own cause, rather than viewing acts of violence individually and objectively."

Tags:asia, conflict, determination, extremism, foriegn, fundamentalism, hindu, independence, india, islam, jammu, jihad, mujahadeen, musharraf, nuclear, pakistan, policy, proliferation, religious, self, south, threat

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the Irish Republican Army. The writer presents a history of the I.R.A. and an overview of its political and social structure. The writer looks at how events in world history, beginning in 1790, with the organization's inception in order to see how world events would influence the path that the I.R.A. would follow. The writer also looks at the support or lack of support the organization receives from the world community.

From the Paper
"This show of compromise by the Irish Republican Army has re-established the lines of communication with the United States and President Bush has given his support to IRA and applauded its effort to move the disarmament along to resolve the issues. This disarmament is being done to comply with the 1998 Good Friday agreement between Britain and the Irish Republican Army (Are, 2001). Other nations around the world have also shown recent support for the IRA. In years past there was little support form the rest of the world with some exceptions. One of those exceptions is Libya."

Tags:force, violence, military, british, independent, government, armed, uprisings, war, american, hunger, great, democratic, history, ireland, united, accords, good, friday, paramilitary, assets, frozen

Abstract
This paper examines the internal conflict that Somalia has faced since civil war broke out there in the early 1990s. First a brief background of the war is given. Then, the debate on how the situation in Somalia should be handled is explored, which includes the role of the UN and the transitional Somali government. The author suggests various methods to bring stability to the political and economic situation in Somalia. These include a look at security issues, the problems of piracy and combating poverty. This proposal, which the author describes as liberal and optimistic with the potential to bring change to the war torn and fragile state of Somalia is presented in-depth throughout the paper.

From the Paper
"The problems in Somalia are complex and multifaceted. Any solution will have to address the situation from the ground up and will have to analyze and rebuild many of the institutions and political systems that were once in place. It is extremely unlikely that this process will happen quickly and effortlessly as it will require commitment and cooperation on the parts of Western and African countries, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs). In order to fully understand the current situation in Somalia however, we must first examine its past and the ways in which the seeds of current problems were sewn."

Tags:Africa, civil war, piracy, Mogadishu, Failed States

Abstract
This paper examines the modern economic allegiance of Japan and Europe and how it has opened up new challenges and opportunities. The writer describes some of the forums, organization and documents put together to ensure mutual understanding between the two emerging economic superpowers. The governments of Japan and Europe have made a host of diplomatic efforts to enhance trade, bolster investment and maintain a fruitful dialogue. For the most part, these efforts have served the financial interests of both sides; however, many significant barriers still inhibit the status of Japan and the European Commission (now the European Union) as one of the world's most effective partnerships. The paper concludes that although Japanese and EU relations have faced multiple setbacks over the past several decades, the desire to address and attend to them has been its defining characteristic.

From the Paper
"Shortly following the fall of the Berlin wall, as the tumultuous decade of the 1980's was coming to an abrupt end, Japanese Prime Minister Kaifu visited Europe to meet with President Delors of the European Commission. The objective was simple: determine Japan's potential financial role in the development of the Central and Eastern European economies. The meeting resulted in, through the impetus of the G24, Japan's commitment of 15 percent of the net value of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) fund. As an additional sign of goodwill, Japan committed a USD$ 2 billion stimulus package to Poland and Hungary. Such generosity represented a drastic departure from previous governmental policy which had favoured a 'hands-off' approach in regards to European development."

Tags:macro-economic, Japan Mission, protectionism deregulation security liberalization economics

Abstract
This essay examines the identity of a death squad; its effects on Salvadorians as well as unveiling the supporters and revealing the future for this type of organization.

From the Paper
"El Salvador has been rocked with instability both economically and politically since its independence in 1838. The existence of the Death Squads, created by the Salvadorian Government, destroyed the countries ability to become prosperous and secure, which has left the country distraught and pillaged after over a decade of horrific abuses of power. The Squads were designed to keep the people of El Salvador in line no matter what the cost, and the economic losses, political instability and human costs were devastating. The world sat back and watched the Salvadorian people be terrorized by the gruesome acts of the government deployed Death Squads and did nothing to stop them. It wasn't their problem. The United States took a much different approach to the volatility in El Salvador, by supporting the government in power, the ARENA party, in order to fulfill their own economic interests, with lower coffee and other agricultural exports prices. This essay will examine the identity of a Death Squads; its effects on Salvadorians as well as unveiling the supporters and revealing the future for this type of organization. Ignorance is no longer an excuse. Ignorance has left tens of thousands dead, and many more emotionally wounded."

Tags:death, el, salvador, squads, execution, army, violent, crime, recruit, gun, victim

Abstract
This paper discusses the OPEC organization in the 1970s, and its effects, which are examined through a neo-realist framework, and therefore show how the examination of utility-maximizing states both explains and provides meaning to the OPEC issue. OPEC's actions are presented as an example of a counter-hegemonic movement, which, rather than undermining the hegemonic control of the West, was unsuccessful and resulted in OPEC's incorporation into the global economic system.

From the Paper
"Starting in the 1970s, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel managed to achieve an unprecedented level of control over the economies of the developed Western world, extracting billions of dollars of wealth and damaging the macro-economies of these nations."

Tags:economy, international, oil, opec, political, politics, science, hegemonic, movement, incorporation, economic

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the two events in light of the political climate and psychological obstacles affecting the negotiations. Influential factors discussed include Arab League talks, economic boycott of Israel, attacks on Northern Israel from Lebanon, and attitudes and expectations on both sides.

From the Paper
"The 1950 United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine conference in Geneva attempted to create an agreement between Israel and the Arab States through indirect negotiations with a UN mediator. This conference failed because neither side was willing to compromise their plans. The Israelis refused to negotiate unless they had proof of the Arabs commitment to peace, and the Arabs refused to negotiate unless the Israelis first implemented paragraph 11 of the UN resolution 194 from December 11, 1948. The Arab States attended the conference as one unit, where as the Israelis wished to deal with each state individually. Israel got a chance at a negotiation more to its liking, or so it thought, individually with Lebanon in 1983 with the Israel-Lebanon Agreement. Just 4 years after the Camp David Peace Accords with Egypt, the Israel-Lebanon Agreement was Israel's second attempt at individual negotiation with an Arab state. It failed because Israel approached the agreement thinking that it could easily manipulate Lebanon, and both Israel and Lebanon seriously underestimated Syria and the Arab agenda. For similar reasons that the Geneva conference failed; neither side was after a true peace, they just wanted to further their own goals."

Tags:mideast, Lebanon, palestine, Syria, Jordan, Begin

Abstract
This paper is an overview of what the World Trade Organization (WTO) is and what it does. The history of the WTO is discussed as well as its advantages and disadvantages to Canada.

From the Paper
"The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization engaging in the rules of trade between countries. At its core are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and confirmed in their parliaments. The organization accounts for over 90% of world trade and consist of 135 member nations that range from the US-to-Cuba-to-The Kyrgyz Republic."

Tags:agreements, globalization, international, subsidies, trade