Abstract
This paper paper briefly outlining the pros and cons of gun control, without taking either side.

From the Paper
"When you mention the issue of gun control, you will elicit a wide range of responses. Of those that care about the issue (and most people at least have an opinion), opinions are usually vehemently for or against increased gun control. There doesn't seem to be any middle ground. Those for increased measures to limit access to guns feel that to do so would limit a criminals access to guns, thereby reducing violent crime. Opponents of gun control refute this claim. Their reasoning is that making guns less available or harder to obtain will, in the end, only hurt the law abiding citizen."

Tags:guns, crime, violence, civil

Abstract
This paper discusses the views of both gun advocates and gun eradicates. This paper is slightly biased towards the views of gun advocates and their fight to protect their "right to bear arms". However several key points are discussed in favor of those who wish to abolish our right to bear arms.

From the Paper
"The government has attempted to propose new gun regulations in order to decrease such crimes, violating the Bill of Rights. The 2nd amendment has protected the peoples right to bear arms for over 200 years, yet government policies are attempting to dismantle the ideas formed by our founding fathers to maintain a free democracy. They feel that depriving us of the right to possess firearms will solve all crime related issues. Contrary to their beliefs statistics and logic prove that firearms are the primary weapons against crime."

Tags:argumentation, civil, control, gun, rights

Abstract
Corporate greed and corruption has changed the face of American business forever. Corporate greed was the primary factor in the downfall of Enron, Global Crossing and MCI WorldCom. The paper shows that the governing bodies, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Senate, NASD and other powers that be decided to act and in 2002, the Senate introduced the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The paper describes how this new law impacts CPA's, CPA firms auditing public firms, publicly traded firms and their employees, lawyers, brokers, dealers, investment bankers and financial analysts who work for or have as clients as publicly traded companies. The paper looks at the mission and purpose of the law and examines its affect on the accounting industry.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Executive Summary
Introduction
Purpose and Mission
What it does
The Effect of Sarbanes Oxley on the Accounting Profession
New Rules, New Practices

From the Paper
"In addition to the mandates outlined above, Sarbanes Oxley Act allows for additional provisions that seek to prevent conflicts of interests that can be a precursor to corporate corruption. The Act bans what is known as the "revolving door", prohibiting registered CPA firms from auditing any SEC registered client whose chief executive, CFO, controller or equivalent was on the audit team of the firm within the past year. This Act is crucial to help lessen the "you wash my back, and I'll wash yours mentality. Another significant rule calls for auditors to be rotated every 5 years. This way, no auditor can audit a client for more than five consecutive years."

Tags:SEC, PCAOB, Arthur, Andersen

Abstract
This paper explains how gun control is one of the most controversial topics in America, and this discussion is even spreading to other parts of the world. This paper summarizes one part of this international debate; specifically, it deals with the arguments against gun control. The paper presents three main arguments: The right to bear arms as guaranteed by the Constitution; There is little empirical evidence that gun control is an effective deterrent against crime; There is much empirical evidence that suggests that owning a gun can be a valid and efficient method of self-defense.

From the Paper
"The primary basis for many of the arguments against gun control is found in the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States which states that "A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed" (Encarta, 1999). However, the courts have never struck down a gun control law because of this provision. The federal government and all U.S. states have some gun control laws. These laws are based on several strategies: forbidding people who are considered to be unreliable from obtaining any firearms; prohibiting anyone other than the police, the military, and persons with special needs from acquiring high-risk guns (those that are particularly likely to be misused); and requiring waiting periods before purchasing a gun or gun license."

Tags:crime, defense, violence, constitution

Abstract
This paper explores how the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule of the US Constitution has traditionally been applied in deportation proceedings. It proposes that the exclusionary rule should be applied in situations that involve egregious violation of the Fourth Amendment. This paper also argues that, because deportation proceedings are considered as criminal procedures, aliens in such proceedings are not protected by the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which guards against unreasonable searches and seizures. As a result, many aliens in deportation proceedings have been subject to unfair and unreasonable treatment due to their racial or ethnic background. This paper uses MLA style footnotes but does not include a works cited page.

From the Paper
"The legal rights of aliens in removal proceedings have become increasingly limited, which often results in unfair treatments of the aliens. Ever since the Supreme Court of the United States held in Fong Yue Ting v. United States that deportation is not punishment, and therefore, criminal aliens in removal proceedings are not protected by the criminal procedural safeguards, immigration law has been absorbing the theories, methods and perceptions associated with criminal enforcement while explicitly rejecting the procedural ingredients of criminal adjudication. Since deportation proceedings are considered as criminal procedures, aliens in such proceedings are not protected by the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which guards against unreasonable searches and seizures. As a result, many aliens in deportation proceedings have been subject to unfair and unreasonable treatment due to their racial or ethnic background. For example, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Lopez-Mendoza that the Fourth Amendment's exclusionary rule did not apply to deportation hearings because a deportation proceeding is a purely civil action to determine eligibility to remain in the nation. Although several circuit courts have either held or acknowledged the possibility that egregious violation of the Fourth Amendment should not be allowed in deportation proceedings, the Supreme Court has not recognized the egregious violation exception which allows noncitizens to invoke a Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule in deportation proceedings. This paper will explore how certain ethnic minority aliens in deportation proceedings have been subject to unfair treatment due to their ethnicity and the civil nature of deportation proceedings, and argue that the courts should provide the aliens with Fourth Amendment protection if they were discriminated because of their race or ethnicity. In order to fully navigate the issue of applicability of the Fourth Amendment in deportation proceedings, this paper will examine the history of how the Fourth Amendment has been applied in deportation proceedings. By exploring how some aliens have been treated unfairly due to their ethnic and racial background and how some courts have recognized an "egregious violation exception" of the Fourth Amendment in deportation cases, this paper will argue that the Supreme Court of the United States should grant the Fourth Amendment protection when aliens in deportation proceedings were treated unfairly because of their ethnicity or race. Let us first explore why aliens in deportation proceedings are generally not protected by the Fourth Amendment by analyzing the civil nature of deportation proceeding."

Tags:legal, rights, proceedings, limited, unfair

Abstract
The Canadian gun law legislature of 1995 was doomed to failure before it was even introduced. The paper argues that the program was not set up properly to provide an efficient method of procurring registration for the owners of firearms, as well as independent firearms themselves. The paper shows that many of the modern world's governments exercise their ability to place a cap on the weapon power that the average citizen may keep in their possession, especially in North America and Europe. Since Canada has historically used peaceful methods to work out disagreements, it is no surprise that there is such strong control over weapons within its borders. The paper argues that, ignoring whether this control is right or wrong, the Canadia government made a mistake when it brought in a program that cost tax payers 340 times what was projected. It argues that the government, therefore, needs to abolish the act and start from scratch.

From the Paper
"The Canadian government, the historical development of which was legislative rather than violent takes a different viewpoint on the issue of civilian gun possession. Canada does not regard the right to bear arms as necessary for the prevention of the loss of other rights, but rather views firearms as a legitimate possession for recreational purposes. While firearms used for sport, hunting, and target practice, specifically ordinary rifles and shotguns are generally considered legal, the new registration program, which was mentioned previously as introduced in 1995 requires gun owners to go through a lengthy, painstaking, and complicated process to properly register a weapon. The goal of this new program was to limit as much as possible criminal access to firearms and thus preventing crimes against innocent citizens."

Tags:cauchon, constitution, hunting, weapon

Abstract
This paper refers to concepts of proportional representation, regional representation and asymmetrical federalism in reference to the status of Quebec in Canada. It calls for a reformed and strengthened Canadian Senate to promote provincial interests within the federal system.

From the Paper
"Still, in the current Canadian political context, the Senate does serve some functions. However, the potential exists to expand its role and structure to serve a more active role in the Canadian political system. Specifically, the Senate ought to be reformed and strengthened to promote provincial interests within the federal system. Existing models and concepts of Senate reform will be critically evaluated before a model is presented which will attempt to rectify existing problems, as well as to avoid potential failings which critics of Senate reform often predict."

Tags:asymmetrical, constitution, federalism, proportional, representation, canada, political, system, provincial, regional, reform

Abstract
This paper outlines the history of Canadian narcotics legislation as it pertains to marijuana. It then outlines arguments both for and against legalization or decriminalization while assessing the harm or good that this could cause.

Introduction
Marijuana A Brief History
The Plant in Canada
Drug Laws
An Examination of Proposed Changes to Canadian Marijuana Laws
Pros And Cons
Decriminalization
Legalization
Maintaining the Status Quo
Legalization or Decriminalization? Personal Reflections
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"There has been much talk and speculation as of late that Canada is ready to change its marijuana policy. Following the lead of such countries as Spain and England, it appears that Canada has been seriously considering either decriminalizing or legalizing marijuana possession. There are many arguments against and for such a move. Many against a change to marijuana policy feel that undertaking such a step would lead to increased usage, especially among young people. Those in favor feel that changing marijuana policy is a timely idea that will actually lead to decreased usage: marijuana could be treated as a public health issue as opposed to a criminal act, thereby allowing the government to set up health education programs in an attempt to deter its use. This approach has worked for tobacco and alcohol. This paper is going to look at the pros and the cons of a change in Canadian law in terms of its effect on organized crime. The nature and structure of the Canadian marijuana trade will be examined in order to see what benefits, if any a decriminalization or legalization move would provide. Before this can be done, the current drug law must be examined as it pertains to marijuana."

Tags:pot, weed, crime, narcotics, drug, law

Abstract
The paper refers to Arthur Schlesinger's theory of the imperial presidency that identified a trend in the executive branch to gather more power unto itself beyond Constitutional limits, especially in times of national crisis. The paper applies this to after 9/11 when the Bush administration asserted its rights to make war pre-emptively. The paper discusses how this accretion of power to the executive may be permanent and presents the opinion that leaving foreign policy in the hands of a few only works if the few are morally scrupulous to a degree that does not seem to be able to co-exist with the nature of politics. The paper asserts that institutional reform is not the answer; what is needed is the willingness of the other branches to contest executive power, even in wartime.

From the Paper
"The theory of the imperial presidency, as formulated by Arthur Schlesinger, identified a trend in the executive branch to gather more power unto itself beyond Constitutional limits, especially in times of national crisis. The Bush administration demonstrated their desire to expand the powers of the executive before the 2000 election. Vice President Cheney spoke to this when he said: "For the thirty-five years I've been in this town, there's been a constant, steady erosion of the prerogatives and the powers of the president of the United States, and I don't want to be a part of that." There was little room for this expansive agenda pre-9/11. The attack on the United States in 2001 provided scope for the executive branch to assert its control over the government."

Tags:Constitution, Congress, judiciary, powers, Guantanamo, Bay

Abstract
Napster is a program allowing users to directly transfer music files without the aid of a centralized file server. Full-length songs may be exchanged in mere minutes through the program, and neither the artists nor the record companies are compensated for their work. The daunting prospect of consumers freely downloading complete libraries of music propelled the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to successfully sue Napster for trafficking in piracy. This paper analyzes the arguments made by both sides, investigates the virtues of the verdict, and discusses other court outcomes that would have been more beneficial to all parties involved. In addition, lawsuits of other file-sharing applications are discussed, including the likely outlook of Internet peer-to-peer sharing for the future.

From the Paper
"The advent of the Internet has enabled users to promptly and effortlessly share information between one another as never before. While the vast majority of individuals embrace this new technology as a blessing, the capacity to impart so much data has produced a crisis regarding copyright infringement. Napster is a program allowing users to directly transfer music files without the aid of a centralized file server. Individuals are able to gain access to an immense library of copyrighted music, thus rattling the record industry.1 Full-length songs may be exchanged in mere minutes through the program, and neither the artists nor the record companies are compensated for their work. The daunting prospect of consumers freely downloading complete libraries of music propelled the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to successfully sue Napster for trafficking in piracy. The following will analyze the arguments made by both sides, investigate the virtues of the verdict, and discuss other court outcomes that would have been more beneficial to all parties involved. One such result would incorporate monthly fees and bonus features into the software, which would appease the RIAA's concerns and also allows Napster to continue its operations. In addition, the lawsuits recently launched against Morpheus, Kazaa, Grokster, and My.Mp3.com are predicted to result in the continuance of their operations, given that illegitimate files are removed from their respective systems."

Tags:application, artist, audio, company, copyright, download, files, freenet, gnutella, industry, infringe, internet, kazaa, law, lawsuit, legal, midi, morpheus