Abstract
This paper examines the different philosophies of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke with regards to the origination of the concept of private property. The author discusses how the philosophers differed in terms of defining human nature. The paper explores Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".

From the Paper:

"In John Locke's book, "Second Treatise of Government," Locke sketches out a brief history of man in the state of nature and his progression from simple land dweller to land owner. In this description, Locke explains how the concept of property is necessary to human preservation and that property becomes property by having applied work, or effort upon an object. Locke explains that every man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person."

Tags:locke, rousseau, social, land, nature, human, morality, government, rights

From the Paper
"Until a few years ago intellectual property rights within the context of business law was a well understood and rock steady area of practice. Intellectual property law can protect product and process inventions including patents, copyrights, and trade secrets. These laws also protect things like names and styles under which a business and its products are recognized in the marketplace including service and trademarks. Intellectual property laws are also designed to safeguard vital but non-technological information about businesses and their operations, such as customers, suppliers, plans, and finances (Chiappetta, 1997). With the advent of digital..."

Abstract
This essay contains two case briefs, one for a real property case and one for an intellectual property case. Furthermore it answers six questions which the customer wanted included. The questions deal with real and intellectual property law.

From the Paper
"Facts: The city of New London, Connecticut was in need of economic revitalization so when the Pfizer corporation began to construct a new facility on the outskirts of a residential neighborhood, the city reactivated "the New London Development Corporation, a private entity under the control of the city government, to consider plans to redevelop the Fort Trumbull neighborhood and encourage new economic activities that might be brought by the Pfizer plant" (Kelo, 2006, p. 3). The corporation came up with a development plan which the city approved. The corporation offered to purchase the lots of Fort Trumbull which it would need, however some owners of the properties did not wish to sell."

Tags:real, intellectual, property

From the Paper
"Aristotle's treatment of politics and rule begins, not with a discussion of elections and public administration but rather with a treatment of property, and not real (land) or personal (movable) property but rather persons as property, or slaves. Slaves are classified, not according as they do physical labor but according as they belong to (hence are subordinate to) part of a fundamental environment of rational human experience, the management of the household. The treatment of slaves as an aspect of household management is crucial because Aristotle conceptualizes the household in the same manner as he conceptualizes the political environment, as the highest and best expression of human rationality.

Human rationality is a naturally occurring, organic structure, and so are its products. For example, Aristotle refers to the.."

Abstract
Napster 1.0 , launched in 1999, allows Internet users to share, upload, and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network free of charge. This paper provides background on Napster and similar sites. This paper examines principals of the RIAA (Recoding Industry Association of America) in suing consumers who disregard the copyright laws, including its lawsuit against Napster. The paper also examines Napster's views and arguments on the lawsuit. The paper includes an outline.

From the Paper
"Contrary to recent reports through the RIAA, and despite a wave of lawsuits unleashed by the recording industry, college students appear to be downloading just as much music illegally as they did in past years. The Chronicle reports that they see little evidence that the industry's efforts are presenting any significant impact other than profit making capabilities to new and upcoming legal networks. Music sharing, many experts say, continues almost unabated on college campus networks. The only way for music companies to compete near the same level is by making music easily accessible and cheaper to purchase."

Tags:internet, kazaa, lawyers, software

Abstract
This paper looks at the founder of Napster, how the program works, and the problems and controversies it has created. Court disputes are discussed and the reaction of various bands to Napster. A solution to the problem is suggested as well.

From the Paper
"As the century turned, something huge emerged from the Internet: a new innovative process that allows users to receive music for free. Napster, the nickname of Shawn Fanning because of his nappy hair, "allows computer users all over the world to swap song files copied from personal CD collections, giving the average Neitzen easily searchable access to hundreds of thousands of songs instantly" (Graham 1D). The Napster emergence has instigated an unending distribution of free songs over the Internet, through the surfacing of other file swapping sites, and has spurred the future of Internet innovations."

Tags:technology, download, free, internet, mp3, ria, music, song

Abstract
This paper examines the current status of the internet as a method of decentralizing ownership of the mass media, and of giving the power of reaching the masses to individual people; a power which has traditionally been monopolized and regulated by the mass media conglomerates.

From the Paper
"Traditionally, all of the Mass Media have been in the hands of the few and broadcast to the many, and the audience members were essentially voiceless in the face of the messages being presented. There have always been some movements of resistance against this, as is evidenced by Naomi Klein's works on "Culture Jamming" but even she states that these movements have usually amounted to no more than a "drop in a bucket." However, there is one mass medium which has given the individual so much power that it has raised the ire of the major producers of entertainment content: The Internet. "

Tags:content, cyber, democracy, industry, internet, producers

Abstract
This paper discusses the Brownfields Statute Law Amendment Act which relates to lands in Ontario that have been used in the past for industrial or commercial activity. The author explains the goals and benefits that could be realized from such legislation.

From the Paper
"Brownfields are lands on which industrial or commercial activity took place in the past and that may need to be cleaned up before it can be redeveloped. As a result of this, Ontario passed legislation and regulations to aid in this transition. The Brownfields Statute Law Amendment Act was brought around in 2001 and focused on a variety of issues that concerned the cleanup and betterment of the environment . Things such as environmental liability, planning and financing are important factors that strengthen the resolve to redevelop contaminated areas."

Tags:planning, investment, economic

Abstract
Intellectual property rights, including patents and copyrights, have been a key factor for the success of many companies. It provides them with an opportunity to protect their ideas and concepts, preventing others from copying them. The paper shows that with the boom in e-business, there have been many cases of infringement because of the relative ease in sharing information over the Internet. This paper briefly outlines the basics of intellectual property before providing a detailed discussion on e-business and intellectual property. The paper shows several cases of infringement to illustrate how intellectual property is important in e-business.

From the Paper
"Since the Internet is a huge interconnection of computers, information can be shared very easily. It is this very advantage that leads to many problems in protection of intellectual property. For example; pictures, music and literary works can be copied, modified and even distributed easily through the Internet. Such activities affect and violate copyright protection. There are several dangers in electronic business and organizations have to be very cautious and watchful. Copyright does not protect ideas but protects the forms in which they are expressed. Thus documents and material available on the Internet can be protected by copyright. According to the Copyright Act, even storing of material in a computer corresponds to reproduction of material. This implies that viewing a page on the Internet leads to infringement because the web browser would make a copy of the page in the computer."

Tags:trademark, WIPO, WCT, WPPT, ICANN, UDRP

Abstract
This essay is an in-depth analysis of file-sharing technology (Napster, Kazaa) and its relation to modern intellectual property laws. In order to structure the analysis, theoretical work from two prominent communications scholars - Harold Innis and James Carey - is employed. These authors divided media into two types: Innis categorized media as either time-biased or space biased, while Carey said media was either ritual or transmission. Ritual/time-biased media resist control and intellectual property laws, and file-sharing networks are ritual and time-biased. This essay defines the medium of file-sharing networks, intellectual property, the terms used by Innis and Carey, and shows how the nature of the medium explains why intellectual property laws are ignored on file-sharing networks.

From the paper:

"From a modern, literate, perspective the current economic and legal debate over file-sharing is a teeming with contradictions. Most people find the thought of shoplifting a CD repugnant, yet many of those same people wouldn?t hesitate to borrow a copy from a friend or download a song from a complete stranger. What is the cause of this dichotomy? Can one be a consumer and a thief at the same time? This essay proposes that answers can be found by examining the media in question. Most modern investigation of this subject, critical and legal, is rooted in one specific perspective, but media scholars like Harold Innis and James Carey have in fact proposed two. Logically and historically, intellectual property rights appear in one and not the other. The following pages will define the medium in question and the two perspectives. Next these definitions will be used to place the medium in the most appropriate frame. Once the medium is categorized, the work of Innis and Carey will be applied to show how the nature of the medium determines the role of intellectual property."

Tags:carey, copyright, file, gnutella, innis, intellectual, kazaa, media, napster, piracy, property, sharing