Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical, intellectual, and poetic nature of Tupac Shakur's and Bob Marley's work, as well as the political and social influence of their music. The paper describes each artist's background and illustrates how Marley's music expressed the social unrest and the spiritualism of Jamaica, while Shakur's music expressed the social issues and emotions of ghetto life in the United States.

From the Paper
"Music is one of the oldest art forms. Every culture has used music to not only create mood and celebration, but to relate and express feelings and ideas. Most of us can easily strike images of laborers singing while they worked, tribes beating drums before a hunt or battle, bugles sounding as soldiers charge in attack, and love-sick poets declaring their ardor. Music has also been used as an expression of spiritualism, as well as personal ideals. In recent history, beginning in the mid-1960's, music became a voice and spokesman for many to express political views, especially concerning the United States involvement in Vietnam. Folk and rock musicians wrote music and songs protesting the war and politics of the time."

Tags:music, musicians, rap, hip-hop, reggae, rastafarian, jamaica, bronx, ghetto

Abstract
The paper examines the cultural underpinnings and history of one of the most popular dance and music styles in Brazil - Samba. The importance of this music in daily life is emphasized, as well as the religious and popular overtones, such as the annual Carnival. The paper also includes an interview with Jon Agasse, a guitarist and percussionist with a samba ensemble living in Los Angeles.

From the Paper
"The crowd of almost one hundred thousand is restless. The night is moist, hot, and alive with a feeling in the air so palpable you can almost trace it with your finger. The bleachers are filled to maximum capacity, along a mile-long stretch of paved roadway adjacent to an old brewery. People from all races, classes, and countries are celebrating together at the culmination of the orgiastic, pre-Lenten, hedonistic festival of Carnival. Soon, the first marchers proceed down the corridor to the booming cacophony of bass, snare, and friction drums. The rattling of tambourines, bells, and scrapers add flavor and accent. Like a bird set free, the singing cavaquinho (ukulele) emits its high pitched cries, adding to the frenzy. The marchers and dancers, with their quick, physical movements, undulating hips and heel steps, embody the living sound. It is time for the annual celebration once again in Brazil, time for Carnival, a time once again for the ultimate physical expression of joy: Samba."

Tags:african, black, jazz, mamba, merengue, rhumba, rio

From the Paper
"African music sounds primitive to Western listeners because it functions, not primarily for entertainment as in the West, but as a vital part of African community life and culture. As one sociologist puts it: "Music follows the African through his entire day from early in the morning till late at night, and through all the changes of his life, from the time he came into this world until after he has left it". Africa is a continent in which almost 800 different languages are spoken; however, the one common thread among all the inhabitants of this huge continent is their love for music and their deep involvement with it .

Africa can be divided into two parts: North Africa and Black Africa (south of the Sahara Desert). Because North Africa is largely influenced by Arabic music, this survey will focus on ... "

Abstract
A book report on Herman Vianna's "The Mystery of Samba", a cultural anthropology study of music in Brazil, particularly the use of 'racially-mixed' culture as a symbol for all of Brazilian culture.

Tags:book, report, samba

Abstract
This essay discusses how Bob Marley & the Wailers' music brought the world together and looks at why they were able to start a reggae rage amongst people throughout the world, spreading reggae from a small sector of the world.

From the Paper
Many people describe Bob Marley as the greatest legend of reggae music and king of reggae. At the age of 16, Marley formed his first band, The Rudeboys , which later became known as The Wailers . The Wailers consisted of Bunny Livingston and Peter Mackintosh, now known as Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh. By 1964, the band had created its first hits, Simmer Down, It Hurts To Be Alone and Rule Them Rudie.Bob Marley, a Rastafarian reggae musician idolized by millions of races, sang many of his lyrics in a sort of Jamaican accented Standard English, contrary to most of his reggae musician peers, who favored Creole.

Tags:band, music, influenced, Rastafarianism, religion, practice, praises, spiritual, effect, marijuana, endorses, black, racial, superiority

Abstract
A look at the origins of Indian culture with emphasis on Indian music and dance. The author examines the roots of music and dance from legends, myths and ancient scripts and provides an understanding of the historical foundation of Indian music and dance.

From the Paper
"The history of Indian music and dance is one of the oldest unbroken artistic traditions in the world. It is said that the origins of this system go back to the Vedas, the ancient scripts of the Hindus. Numerous legends have grown up concerning the origins and development of Indian classical music and dance. Such legends illustrate the importance both that music and dance have had in defining Indian culture, especially from a religious perspective. This investigation is meant to explore the historical foundation of Indian music to ascertain a better understanding of the classical form."

Tags:continent, india, sub

Abstract
This paper begins by describing the Reggae singer, Bob Marley and his origins and traces the beginnings of his musical career. The factors that influenced his music are explored, such as his early life and his conversion to the Rastafarian religion. The themes of his songs are dealt with, and his life in Jamaica is included in the study. The paper looks at Marley's contribution in introducing Rastafari, reggae, and Jamaica to the rest of the world.

From the Paper
"Bob Marley was born Robert Nesta Marley, O.M., on February 6, 1945, in a small Jamaican village called Nine Miles. He was the son of an English Army Captain, and a Jamaican woman named Cedella Malcolm. The Captain never married Malcolm, but he gave Marley his name. Eventually, he and his mother moved to Kingston, and lived in the slum called "Trench Town.""

Tags:music, Rastafarian, reggae, themes, songs, Jamaica, career, influence, religion, ideology

Abstract
The paper examines the persuasion of people using music (lyrics and melody). It focuses on Bob Marley and his ability to influence entire cultures in a political/social movement. The paper shows how Marley's music and lyrics worked as the rhetoric of the Rastafarian movement against oppression, exploitation and racism in Jamaica. Using metaphors to describe the hardships of the political fights of Jamaicans and Africans, the paper shows how Marley established himself as the spokesman of a race and culture.

From the Paper
"Some of the most attainable goals of persuasive songs are those focused toward a particular movement's members; such as reinforcing the ideas of the movement, promoting unity, and maintaining high confidence among members. In other words, songs of persuasion may prove to be effective in terms of reinforcing the beliefs already held by movement members and sympathizers. Rarely do such songs succeed in their attempt to reach those who are not already sympathetic to the cause (Sellnow). Although Marley never intended to recruit as many people into his particular beliefs, his standpoint on peace and unity was felt throughout the world."

Tags:Jamaica, Rastafari, Jah, Exodus

Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant literature to develop an accurate biographical sketch of Franz Schubert, the background of "6 Moment Musicaux Opus 94", and an analysis of its musicality. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"Franz Schubert was a prolific Romantic composer whose music continues to entertain many people today. While much is known about the composer is some respects, little or nothing is known about circumstances surrounding his composition of 6 Moment Musicaux Opus 94, except perhaps he had just bought a piano following his first and only public concert he performed and he needed the money. "

Tags:beethoven, classical, mass, romantic, symphony

Abstract
This paper examines Flamenco and its dance Paso Doble. The paper describes the musical style of Flamenco and its musical instruments, including their physical description, sounds, uses and how to play. The paper describes many different styles of Flamenco music and offers examples as well as providing details about the dances of Paso Doble and its origins and impacts on Spain. This paper connects 13th century Flamenco to today's 21st century modernized Flamenco. The paper concludes that the history, form and instruments of Flamenco have helped to shape a culture and carve a piece of notable music today.

From the Paper
"Flamenco originates from Andalucia, a region in the South of Spain. It is theorized that the name Flamenco refers to a slang used by Spaniards in the 16th century towards the returning Flemish courtiers and soldiers known for their bright coloured clothing and conspicuous manners. Other theories suggest that the name Flamenco refers to the name erroneously given to Gypsies in the 14th century when they first entered Spain and created this form of music. It is suggested that Flamenco is derived from the words "fellah mangu" which translates to "a labourer who sings" referring to gypsy songs sung while working in mines accompanied only by the rhythmic sounds of the hammer and anvil pounding. It was not until the 17th century that Flamenco came into its own form. Through the 18th and 19th centuries it began to flourish in the cafA(c)'s of Andalusian townships and by the 20th century the music began to spread outside remote area's of Spain and into the surrounding world. Flamenco has reached audiences worldwide and will continue to do so because it is constantly modified and updated to appeal to newer and younger audiences while remaining tied to its proud heritage."

Tags:guitar, gypsies, tradition, dance