Abstract
The paper begins by exploring John Locke's biography as means of providing a better understanding of why he developed the philosophies that he did. It continues by presenting his philosophies, views on government, obligation of revolution, state of nature, and man's reason for establishing government. Lastly, the paper discusses the influence of John Locke's philosophy on modern North America. Specific examples are drawn out from Canadian and American constitutional documents to show the impact that John Locke has had on North America.

From the Paper
"As long as people have been able to think and reason, all sorts of different ideas, philosophies, theories and arguments have circulated in society. Some have been good and many have been bad and useless. The good ones have remained known and respected in societies throughout generations and have unsurprisingly impacted the way people live and think. The theories of one particular philosopher by the name of John Locke have had an everlasting impact on modern day North American politics and government. This will be proven through the analysis of John Locke's biography, his political theories, and the influence of his philosophy on the nature of the rule of government in the U.S and Canada."

Tags:bill, canada, charter, declaration, democracy, freedom, freedoms, government, independance, john, law, locke, lockean, philosophy, politics, rights, rule, states, united

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of the decreasing number of citizens who vote in U.S. elections and suggests various reforms in order to adapt to a changing society. The paper begins by discussing the issue of election timing, looking at the options of changing the election day and declaring election day a national holiday. The paper then suggests utilizing the method of proportional representation, in order to motivate people to vote. It also mentions other countries where proportional representation has been successful. Next the paper deals with the proposal of mandatory voting, listing advantages and disadvantages of the method. Finally, the paper looks at the idea of online voting, raising the many benefits of this method of voting.

From the Paper
"Since 1788, political campaigns and elections have been an essential aspect of American National Government. Subsequently, presidential elections have been scheduled and have occurred each four years. The United States has had 43 Presidents authorized to serve according to the U.S Constitution, while the 1788 population of about 4 million has increased to over 281 million in 2000. In recent decades, the percentage of citizens who vote in elections has been decreasing. In order to significantly increase voter participation in elections, reforms must be made to the system to suit the changing society. Concepts such as election timing, mandatory voting, Proportional Representation and online voting are key ideas that, if implemented, could have a major influence on increasing the amount of citizens who vote."

Tags:citizen, reform, timing, method, proportional

Abstract
A paper that uses historical perspective and political hindsight to explore the political, social, and economic reasons that Truman may have had for dropping the atomic bomb. A balanced essay that explores the issue from both sides and remains objective.

From the Paper
"In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens (Bernstein 50). The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s, put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson, was that the dropping of the atomic bombs was a solely military action that avoided the loss of as many as a million lives in the upcoming invasion of the island of Kyushu. In the 1960s a second school of thought developed--put forth by "revisionist" historians--that claimed the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at intimidating and gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Today, fifty years after the two bombings, with the advantages of historical hindsight and new evidence, a third view, free of obscuring bias and passion, can be presented. First, the dropping of the bomb was born out a complex myriad of military, domestic and diplomatic pressures and concerns. Second, many potentially viable alternatives to dropping the bombs were not explored by Truman and other men in power, as they probably should have been. Lastly, because these alternatives were never explored, we can only conjecture over whether or not Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs was a savior of lives, and by extension, we may never know if Truman's monumental decision was a morally just one."

Tags:atom, bomb, harbour, hiroshima, nagasaki, pearl, truman, war, world, wwii

Abstract
The paper discusses problems of conceptualizing domestic terrorism and then analyzes terrorism in the United States. The paper explores why terrorism is part of the United States' society and offers a brief look at abortion issues and terrorism.

Outline
Introduction
Domestic Terrorism: Early works of Cooper, Bell, and Gurr
Problems of Conceptualizing Domestic Terrorism
Smith's Analysis of Terrorism in the United States
Emerson: Jihad in the United States
Abortion Clinic Bombings and Terrorism
Summary

From the Paper
"The word terrorism usually conjures images of violent acts of Middle Eastern origin that is viewed daily on television. However, domestic terrorism fully exists in the United States. The Oklahoma City bombing is an example that became less prevalent in people's minds after 9/11. Nevertheless, law enforcement encounters numerous terrorist acts that are not given the attention they should. They are treated simply as criminal acts because police do not have the proper training or awareness of domestic terrorism."

Tags:abortion, jihad, law, enforcement

Abstract
Background
British Influence in the US and Canada
US Civil War ? It?s affect on Canada?s constitution
Constitutional Divergence ? Canada, US, and England
Political Culture
Political Sub Culture
Statistical Facts

Tags:canada, political, science, us, united, states

Abstract
This paper provides a good overview of the contributions of both Smith and Marx, as well as a good examination of both systems, while coming to the conclusion that the market system is indeed, preferable to laissez-faire.

Tags:faire, laissez, market, system, profit

Abstract
This essay deals with the topic of terrorism, with focus on the events which occurred on September 11th. The author looks at topics such as the United States' role in the war on terror, the Palestinian perspectives as well as the impacts of such terror on the world. Includes various world leaders' viewpoints on the terror attacks.

From the Paper
"Terrorism is a topic that has many different viewpoints. One group's actions can be considered a terrorist act to some while others perceive it as a fight for freedom. Terrorism has become a major world issue that has affected all nations in light of the September 11 attacks. To deal with such a broad issue, many opinions must be heard in order to have any chance at resolving the problems that terrorism causes us to face. This report investigates the different perceptions and views that world leaders, ordinary citizens, as well as the various militant groups have on this controversial subject. "

Tags:11th, al, bin, laden, osama, qaeda, september, terrorism, wtc

Abstract
In this essay the author goes head to head with Karl Marx's view of alienation. The contradictions which Marx makes on alienation of labor are pointed out and used to figure out what conception of the human essence Marx uses to rest his theory on. The author points out flaws in Marx's essay and offers alternative solutions.

From the Paper
"Karl Marks who lived between 1818 and 1883 wrote the Estrange Labor manuscript in 1844. Being only 26 years of age he challenges the works of the great philosopher Hegel. In his manuscript he considered himself to be a young Hegelian philosopher. Marx explains his beliefs on what he believes to be the key elements of estranged labor, mainly alienation from nature, alienation from product of labor, alienation from the activity of labor, and alienation from species. Hegel believed that trough the use of labor to create objects we could satisfy our bodily needs. He believed that our reason allowed for criticism to improve upon the objects, which allowed the mind to evolve toward pure reason and ultimately freedom. Hegel also noted that freedom was the essence of freedom. Marx does not completely agree with Hegel because he felt his theory was too abstract and ignored important concepts of social organization for production. Marx believes that philosophy in the past had mystified the real contradictions of human existence."

Tags:estranged, labour, metaphsics, society

Abstract
In the philosophy of law, two competing factions each offer compelling arguments as to the basic nature, origin, authority and responsibility of law. These two theories are known as Natural Law Theory and Legal Positivism. This paper shows that while there are many disagreements between the two theories, at the heart of the argument is the questionable relationship between law and morality. The paper examines how Natural Law Theorists argue that there is an essential and innate overlap between law and morality, while Legal Positivists argue that while the decisions of law and morality do occasionally overlap, there is no natural relationship between them.

From the Paper
"Legal Positivists rely on a sovereign to legislate law; this sovereign,
whether it be a monarch, an aristocracy, an elected parliament, or any other person or body that writes the law for a society. For a sovereign to be considered as such, most, if not all, of the population must follow the sovereign's laws, and there must be a threat of force to enforce the law. If either of these conditions are not met, the leader cannot claim to be a true sovereign entity. Also, the sovereign cannot be subject to another sovereign's authority, such as God; if a sovereign is to be the head of a society and the maker of laws, she must be invulnerable to persuasion or else she is not a sovereign."

Tags:Judeo-Christian, John, Stuart, Mill, Jeremy, Bentham, Hobbes

Abstract
This essay discusses the history of expansion of the power of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) jurisprudence over the legislation of European Union member states, and examines several explanations for this expansion. The author then considers how this application of ECJ law impresses on the integration of the acquis communitaire into the administration of both the existing member states and the accession states. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications that the expanded role of the European Court of Justice may hold for the future of the European Union.

Introduction
Expanding Role of the European Court of Justice
Role of the ECJ in the Integration of EU Policy
into "Sovereign" States & Implications for the Future of
the European Union
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Since the 1950's the European Court of Justice's role in European society has grown dramatically. This growth has perhaps been unnoticed by politicians in the various member states of the European Union. Additionally, most political scientists have largely ignored the European Court of Justice.[1] The expansion of the ECJ has reached a point where ECJ jurisprudence is being used by national courts to overrule some laws promulgated by national legislatures![2] Given that no existing treaty within the EU provides this sort of autonomy or authority to the ECJ [3], one would not be silly to question how such a situation has come about."

Tags:community, court, european, union, enlarge, effect, law