Abstract
"How the other Half lives" is one of the most celebrated books on the subject of deplorable living and working conditions of immigrants at the turn of the century. Jacob Riis's powerful account of life in tenement buildings in New York City was first published in 1890 and took American's largely complacent majority by storm. The paper shows that the book may have been about the poor and the destitute of New York City, but it was meant for the 'other half' that was not portrayed in the book. The readers were those who had little or nothing in common with the real life characters of the book, and this explains the main purpose of the book to us. The paper explains that Riis saw the immigrants' heart-rending life in the tenements from the eye of his camera and then made the middle-class and upper-class Americans see it for themselves through his sharp essays and scathing images.

From the Paper
"Riis accuses the wealthy and the influential of complacency and apathy and holds them responsible for at least some of the problems that tenement occupants faced. He feels that since the public is kept in dark about the gravity of the situation, the poor immigrants keep suffering and the government is never held accountable. Riis contends that normally the other half, the affluent half of the country, never attempts to get the whole truth and for this reason, a person dying of utter deprivation and starvation is classified as case of "improper nourishment". "

Tags:Theodore, Roosevelt, social, class, american, dream

Abstract
This paper investigates and critiques social security benefits of current problems and possible solutions to the social security crisis. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving and preserving the social security system.

From the Paper
"In view of the advantages and disadvantages of the current social security system, there are various proposed reforms of the social security system that would bring the system into long-run balance. There are two primary categories of proposed social security reforms: changes that preserve the basic structure of the current system with minor modifications and more dramatic transformations that either would invoke means-testing of benefits or would shift part of the system from today's pay-as-you-go insurance plan to an arrangement more like 401(k) retirement plans and individual retirement accounts."

Tags:congress, tax, domestic, program, wage, entitlements, senior, citizens, retirement, benefits, problems, crisis, recommendations, payroll, death, disability, united, states, elderly, medicare, policy, progressive, pension, administration, finance, pay

From the Paper
"The elderly population in the United States is growing in number as people live longer and as the baby-boom generation reaches old age. Yet this older generation may have a more precarious existence than has been true in recent decades for that population. There has been much rightful concern about the elderly in America in an era in which the extended family no longer holds sway so that the elderly are more often completely on their own. Another concern has been related to the so-called entitlements in the federal budget--Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and welfare--and the impact a reduction, either by design or because the system is not secure, will have on the elderly.
Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people 65 and older and for certain disabled people. Medicare was enacted in ..."

Abstract
This paper questions how much social responsibility the American individual should have. It shows that the past 250 years have provided Americans with the idea that their individual wants and desires supersede any social need. As the nation faces new troubles, such as terrorism attacks, a slumping economy and other problems, it is becoming important to blend the individual rights with a duty to recognize and act on social responsibility. The paper concludes that if Americans do not begin to spend more time on social responsibility the nation faces the possibility of having to fight for individuals rights.

From the Paper
"This is the importance of human individual rights. The right to live peacefully and to pursue happiness is given to each and every person who resides within the boundaries of America. This right is so protected that the Supreme Court is charged with the decision in each case to know if the rights of an individual have been violated or not. If a federal or state government body tries to enact a law that infringes on individual rights the Supreme Court will intervene and stop the law. This is what the nation has been built on and it is what is upheld at the cost and exclusion of all else."

Tags:Supreme, Court, Constitution

Abstract
Since its inception, the Social Security system has provided benefits to augment the income of people upon their retirement. However, current projections point to a crisis in Social Security. Experts believe that by 2038, the Social Security trust fund will have been depleted. This paper presents an overview of the current social security crisis and evaluates the plans to address this problem. The first part of the paper provides a history of the Social Security system, from its inception in 1935 to its current status under the federal government. The next part then studies how the Social Security system is funded. In the final part, the paper studies the problems facing many retirees who stand to be adversely affected by the Social Security deficit. It looks at the pitfalls of privatization and other methods now being used to address the problem, such as proposed tax credits, simplifying the tax process and key changes in retirement policy.

From the Paper
"A privatized pension allows employers to manage the plan's assets, while promising to credit the worker's pensions with a corresponding interest rate. However, employers have often changed this rate, reducing the value of their employees' pensions. For example, when companies like IBM, AT&T and Citibank switched from traditional pensions to cash balance plan, the pensions paid to longtime employees were significantly reduced. Because of the potential for abuse, conversions to cash-balance plans were banned in 1999. The Bush plan for privatization, however, would allow employers to return to such practices, under the guise of augmenting the Social Security trust fund (Leone)."

Tags:Roosevelt, FICA, PCSSS

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the U.S. social security system. The author examines the history of social security 'creation, workings of the particular plans- disability and old age and survivor insurance, and how Americans' tax dollars are selected and sent. This analysis also looks at the growing uneasiness regarding depletion of funds.

From the Paper
"America has been through many trying times throughout its young history. One of the most difficult times was the Great Depression. During this period many banks failed, the stock market crashed, and Americans everywhere were losing faith in the government. The government came up with different options on how they could guarantee the nation's elderly of a decent income. In 1935, the government introduced their solution, Social Security. Since its inception, the Social Security program has been one of the most successful domestic government programs, providing economic protection for Americans of all ages."

Tags:pensions, trust, funds, elderly, taxes, disability, Great, Depression

Abstract
This paper shows that Fabian socialism was important to the formation of the Canadian welfare state, and that despite great social and economic changes since that time, Fabian ideals are still relevant for the protection of social programs. The paper first discusses the origins of Fabianism and the Fabian elements of Canadian social program development. The paper then looks at the challenges of globalization and the information age and how the state is responding to them. Finally, the paper looks at the future directions for the welfare state and Fabianism.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Origins Of Fabianism
Fabian Elements Of Canadian Social Program Development
The End Of The "Golden Age" Of Social Programs
The Spectre Of Globalisation
Reflections On The Problems Afflicting Social Programs And Their Provision
Fabianism Today
Future Directions For The Welfare State And Fabianism

From the Paper
"An alternative strategy would entail a more activist Fabian Society, which would turn its research capabilities towards the development of international norms, in order to strengthen the presence of governments in the international sphere. Through its connections to the Labor Party, it could lobby those in power to press for what would amount to codes of conduct governing international economic transactions, which would not be influenced by neoliberal thinking. Additionally, the Society could research ways in which social programs could better address new concerns arising from the proliferation of high technology, which, as discussed earlier, plays a role in the weakening of national communities in favor of those based on interests. From this work, it could share its proposals with decision-makers, at least in one nation, and try to influence the outcome. In this way, Fabian ideals could be revitalized, and made more relevant to citizens and decision-makers alike, and in so doing strengthen the case for the welfare state still further, and make an important contribution to preserving it. Whatever strategy is chosen, if any, it is clear that, far from being a spent force, Fabianism is relevant to the current discourse on the future of the welfare state, and its capabilities should not be discounted."

Tags:social policy, welfare state, social programs, socialism

Abstract
With the longer lifespan of the average American citizen, coupled with the earlier retirement trend, the future of America's Social Security system looks headed for disaster. This paper presents a detailed examination of the privatization of Social Security. The writer produces an argument in favor of privatizing the system.

From the Paper
"For many years people have invested in private investment situations that have included blue chip stocks, mutual funds and other things. They have managed to put away money for retirement, often times because they do not believe the social security system is stable enough to provide for them when the time comes. The fact that millions of Americans are already creating their own retirement funds aside from the money they are paying in to social security illustrates their ability to handle a privatized system."

Tags:blue, chip, mutual, funds, Treasury, bonds

Abstract
On January 8th, 2001, President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 into law. This law is a summation of Bush's reform of education platform and contains some of the most sweeping of all changes and modifications to the Elementary and Secondary Education Acct (ESEA) since it was put into law in 1965. The paper shows that this act has resulted in a great deal of controversy on all sides of the issue. The paper examines the nature of the NCLB, its impact and the controversy over the issue.

From the Paper
"The new requirements for accountability include documentation of the program's effectiveness in supporting technology integration into curriculum and instruction and the intervention's influence on instructional practice. Research is showing that technology can effectively capture information about change in teachers' use of technology. For example, the California Department of Education developed the California Technology Assistance Project/Technology Assessment Profile, a tool for teachers to self-assess their competency in integrating technology into instruction. Typically, teachers complete CTA online before and after staff development. Results are graphically reported online as well. The state recommends that school districts use CTA as part of the overall assessment strategy and to assess the effects of the NCLB-EETT requirement that 25% of the technology funding be used for staff development (Cradler and Cradler, 2002)."

Tags:republican, NCLB-EETT, IDEA

Abstract
The paper examines the current state of affordable housing in Saskatoon, Canada and looks at the challenge of devising a strategy to help alleviate the shortage. The paper first explores the nature of the housing need that can be defined in three terms; adequacy, suitability and affordability. The paper then looks at the types of initiatives that are currently underway and explains where affordable housing should ideally be located. Finally, the paper discusses ways for Saskatoon to provide incentives for the public and private sector to participate in the creation of affordable housing.

Outline:
Introduction
The Current State of Housing in Saskatoon
Typology
What Types of Initiatives are Currently Underway?
Where Should Affordable Housing be Located?
What Other Tools are Available?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A critical component to both economic prosperity and quality of life in Canada is the need for an adequate supply of affordable housing. In Saskatoon there is evidence of increasing demand and a lingering supply of affordable places to live. This issue is not new; in fact there are several programs and initiatives that have been undertaken within Saskatoon to address the needs of low income wage earners, the elderly, people with disabilities, students, immigrants needing cultural supports, and the homeless. These circumstances should prompt policymakers towards a restructuring of the current affordable housing strategies employed by the city."

Tags:initiatives, location, adequacy, suitability, affordability