Abstract
This paper provides a well-researched book review of a work which focuses on the phenomenon of ecstasy use. The paper approaches this as a social and cultural phenomenon and discusses it according to theories of deviance, subculture, and social control. The work is reviewed in light of major social theorists and their ideas.

From the Paper
"Ecstasy, or MDMA, is a fairly new drug; its popularity is a relatively new phenomenon. It does not occur naturally, and is the product of a laboratory. It was initially implemented as a therapy tool for husbands and wives who were not getting along and who needed help overcoming their repression and psychological boundaries. It has since entered the public realm of illicit drug culture, and is one of the most widely used illicit chemicals today. Because MDMA as a social phenomenon is a relatively new development, it can be studied effectively and chronologically. There has been only about twenty years for the myths to be constructed, for people to use it widely, and for others to experiment recreationally. For this reason, the study "The Pursuit of Ecstasy: The MDMA Experience" by Jerome Beck ad Marsha Rosenbaum (1994) is a well-timed one, because it is able to examine the subculture of Ecstasy users and find out what these early explorers of the MDMA experience have to say. The book is based on hundreds of interviews describing first hand the experience of MDMA use; it describes the ups, the downs, and the overall social experience that has come from MDMA use in these people. The cross section of samples is surprisingly large, and its varied nature demonstrates the in-depth research which was conducted."

Tags:drugs, raves, hallucinogens

Abstract
The paper discusses the resulting behavior of an over-consumption of alcohol and the existence of this behavior in university and college environments. The author finds that the consumption of alcoholic beverages can result in a decrease in awareness and judgment which can result in a person engaging in an activity which he/she might not have had if not under the influence. The writer looks at the damaging effects of an over-consumption of alcohol when coupled with sexual contact.

From the Paper
"Alcohol also has some serious effects in regards to human sexual behavior. One of these effects is increased violence, and the increased probability of a sexual assault taking place. This has been a serious problem at most universities and colleges in Canada and the United States. Results from several empirical studies have suggested strong associations between alcohol consumption and sexual aggression on campus (Crowe & George, 1989; Commission on Substance Abuse at Colleges and Universities, 1994). This is a very common trend among the universities and colleges due to the heavy drinking that many of these individuals partake in, and or the illicit drugs that they may be using. In many situations the individual to which the sexual assault has taken place has been coerced under the influence of alcohol and or illegal drugs. In a Miller and Marshall (1987) study, 60% of the women who engaged in unwanted sexual intercourse reported that they had been using alcohol or other drugs when coerced."

Tags:awareness, human, impacts, judgement, university

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of drunk driving and how it affects society. It first defines drunk driving and then looks at how drinking alcohol impairs one's ability to drive. The sociological perspectives of drinking and driving are examined, and the causes of this phenomenon are discussed. Finally, suggestions for methods to change this ever-growing problem in society are analyzed.

From the Paper
"The views of the major sociological perspectives would all share the similar view that impaired driving is wrong but all three would have great differences from one another as well. The structural functionalist may argue that drinking and driving is one of the dysfunctions of a functional society. All societies need dysfunctions to operate correctly. Drunk driving as a dysfunction is creating jobs within the society such as auto maintenance and manufacturing. A functionalist may also say that impaired driving is inevitable, a part of society that people must learn to live with and do its best to prevent. A conflict theorist would probably argue that drunk drivers are part of a subordinate group within a society that is a burden on the dominant group. A conflict theorist may also say that it is because of a person's lack of money that he/she would drive while intoxicated, insinuating that the bulk of drunk drivers belong to the lower and middle class who can't afford a taxi. A symbolic interactionist may lay blame for the drinking and driving problem on societies dependence on personal transportation and commitment to alcohol. They may argue that it is the promotion and advertising of alcoholic beverages and automobiles on television, radio, in the newspaper, and on billboards, etc. that people see everyday that encourage not one, but both of these things. People may get the message that it is ok to engage in both activities at the same time as a result of seeing these symbols all around them. As you will see in this next section, H. Laurence Ross is a symbolic interactionist."

Tags:functionalist, implications, interactionist, social, structural, symbolic

Abstract
This paper examines how it has always been a primary role of governments to spread information within their borders and how, as the ruling elite, they have always gathered and distributed what the simpletons they direct either want or ought to know. The United States, like many other countries, - if not all - is notorious for using this tactic. In particular, it looks at how the second world war was a huge project and how more recently the War on Drugs has escalated into another major propaganda mission. It examines the administrative, psychological and financial methods used in both operations and shows that not much has been changed in the propaganda playbook over the past 60 years.

From the Paper
"The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy fulfills a similar role. The ONDCP was started in 1986 with media time donated to the cause, but in 1997 Congress passed a bill setting aside $200 million a year for five years intended for ad time on the country's five major networks spouting their anti-drug prophecy. The idea was to set up a half-price deal where the government would barter down the cost of an ad to 50 per cent of what any other company would have to pay by buying time and expecting two ads for the price of one. Warner Brothers, NBC, ABC, CBS, and FOX all laughed in Uncle Sam's face at such an idea (Forbes, Jan. 13, 2000, online)."

Tags:casablanca, ondcp, patriotism, owi, marijuana

Abstract
The paper examines the extensive research which has been completed on the physiological effects of nicotine - the addictive substance found in cigarettes - on the human body. The paper discusses the findings of this research which shows that nicotine, although addictive, may have some properties that could be considered beneficial in regards to learning and memory, particularly some tasks involving the consumption of nicotine before the completion of a specific memory/learning task.

Subtitles:
Nicotine Metabolites and the Neuropharmacological Effects of Nicotine
Is Nicotine Beneficial in Cognitive Functions?
Nicotine Interactions: Possible Improvement of Working Memory in Rats Environmental Influence, Nicotine, and Short-Term Memory

From the Paper
"The study by Crooks and Dwoskin (1997) say that many people that smoke cigarettes because of the immediate stimulation on the CNS that elevates mood and arousal. Smoking cigarettes causes the tobacco to release nicotine metabolites, which are probably responsible for the main effects on the CNS. Nicotine metabolites are thought to effect dopaminergic neurotransmission, and thus creating pleasurable feelings and an increased state of arousal. Different subtypes of nicotine metabolites could be present in different types of tabacco, therefore yielding many different feelings and reactions by the CNS. The reaction by the CNS is thought to be caused primarily by the nicotine metabolites, and not the nicotine itself. (Crooks & Dwoskin, 1997)."

Tags:CNS, metabolites, tobacco, receptor, psychotic

Abstract
This paper explains that the Smoke Free Ontario Act, requiring cigarettes to be covered at point of purchase, is an attempt to help smokers who want to quit to avoid impulse purchases and to curb the normalization of smoking in the minds of youths. The author presents arguments for and against this act and reviews other legislation to stop smoking. The paper includes color illustrations and graphs.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Arguments For The Smoke Free Ontario Act
The Power Wall
Power Of The Brand
Who Supports The Act
Arguments Against The Smoke Free Ontario Act
Conclusion
Advertising Ban
Warning Labels On Cigarette Packs
Raising Taxes
Www.Stupid.Ca
Banning Smoking In Public Places
Display Bans On Tobacco
Recommendation
Appendix 1: History Of Tobacco Legislation
Appendix 2: 2005 Smokers, By Province And Territory
Appendix 3: Stock Prices Of Tobacco Companies
Appendix 4: Reasons People Smoke

From the Paper
"Cigarettes are a commodity product, distinguishable only through the image of their brand. This has been proven through blind-fold tests on dedicated brand smokers who could not tell their brand from others when branding images were removed. It is also true that smokers choose their brand early, when they first begin smoking, based on the brands smoked by their peers. In the US, Newport cigarettes have a 75% market share among blacks and only 12% among whites. It can hardly be asserted that the reason for this is that different tastes appeal to different races."

Tags:commodity, taxes, out-of-mind, youths, branding

Abstract
This paper is a psychological report written as an exercise based on public information about a hypothetical public figure. The writer describes the fictitious patient in detail, giving her personal history and background. The DSM-IV-TR multiaxial assessment process in which an individual's symptoms are classified based on a five axis model, is used to determine that the patient suffers from substance abuse, bipolar II disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The treatment prescribed for the patient is cognitive behavioral therapy, and the writer explains in detail what it will entail. The writer concludes with suggestions for further treatment.

Outline:
Part I - Basic Information
Part II - Referral Context
Part III - Disclosure Statement
Part IV - Pertinent Background Information
Academic History
Substance Abuse History
Trauma History
Family History
Past experiences in Counseling
Part V - Behavioural Observations / Validity Results / Clinical Interview
Part VI - Diagnosis & Cause of Problem
Part VII - Treatment Recommendations
Goals
Therapist Function and Role
Interventions
Part VIII - Impressions & Recommendations

From the Paper
"Kitty is a public figure of some sorts, as she is the wife of a previous presidential candidate. Kitty has spoken publicly about the difficulties people in the public eye have in seeking mental health treatment and in fact has admitted that she is happy her husband did not win the presidential election in 1988 because she feels that that would have further impeded her ability to seek help for her serious substance abuse problem at the time. Because of Kitty's role as a public figure, confidentiality is of the utmost concern. Confidentiality is always an important part of the therapeutic process, but in Kitty's case she requires additional acknowledgement that the relationship she has with her therapist is confidential. During our initial session I reviewed a formal informed consent with her, which covered the issues of confidentiality specifically related to her situation."

Tags:psychoanalysis, mental health, depression catastrophic negative manageable homework, diet pill, family

Abstract
The pheromonal communication between members of the same species has been extensively studied in animals. But, it has only been in recent years where it has been attempted to apply this type of research to higher level organisms such as primates and more specifically humans. This paper explores the current scientific research focusing on chemical communication between humans with pheromones and a controversial pheromone receptor in the human nasal passage called the Vomeronasal organ. It is believed that these pheromones may be responsible for a hidden sixth sense that humans perceive as their own intuition or gut feel.

From the Paper
"It has long been known that animals and insects communicate with each other via chemical messengers called pheromones. The primary function of these chemical signals is to attract members of the opposite sex of the same species for the purpose of mating. Insects such as ants also use these signals to indicate the presence of things such as food or danger. The pheromonal communication between members of the same species has been extensively studied in animals. But, it has only been in recent years where it has been attempted to apply this type of research to higher level organisms such as primates and more specifically humans. Yet, before these data can be explored further the method through which this communicative process takes places must be further explored. At the heart of the matter lies a small organ in the nasal cavity known as the vomeronasal organ or VNO."

Tags:biochemistry, biology, chemical, animals

Abstract
This study explores the association between both deviant and non-deviant sexual behavior as a coping strategy employed by sexual offenders. It suggests that sexual activity, discovered during adolescence, is reinforced as a coping mechanism to alleviate emotional distress. The paper discusses adolescent behavior and sexual offences that are associated with this age group.

From the Paper
"The correlates of sexual offending have been studied by researchers who seek to discover common patterns in relation to past and present behavior as well as lifestyle variables. Evidence has supported the use of sexual activity as a coping strategy, as a mechanism to full intimacy voids, and as a response to childhood abuse. Sexual offending has also been correlated with higher measures of deviant sexual arousal in response to audio stimuli, and with drug and alcohol use. Evidence suggests that due to parental abuse and modeling of parental behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use, adolescent sexual offenders fail to learn appropriate social skills and thus lack healthy peer and familial relationships. Due to a lack of emotional support in their lives, sexual offenders turn to sexual activity to fill intimacy deficits without fearing rejection from others. Because adolescent sexual offenders commonly suffer verbal abuse in the form of parental rejection and neglect, sexual activity serves as a reinforced mechanism which offers temporary relief from feelings of isolation."

Tags:abuse, alcohol, drugs, emotional

Abstract
This paper describes the history of antidepressants in the U.S. and explains how they physiologically work with the body and affect mood and behavior. The paper then examines four studies conducted on antidepressants. The studies discussed examine the long and short term effects of antidepressant use, the affects of antidepressant use on insomnia, and the effects of antidepressant use in the Latino population.

From the Paper
"The world of Psychology is advancing more and more everyday with research and studies that can help provide loads of information on different aspects of the science. The four studies presented in this research paper can provide good information on the long-term treatment of depression with antidepressants, the short-term effectiveness of antidepressants when dealing with depression, antidepressant response to sleep deprivation and light therapy in bipolar depression and how Latino's living in the United States have are more likely to discontinue their antidepressant treatment. For future researchers of antidepressants and their effect on the brain, one suggestion would be to elongate the test periods for the different drugs or combination of drugs used to help cope with depression. As mentioned before in this text, the first antidepressant drug was found to have toxic side effects (Drugs and the Brain: Antidepressants, Trujillo, Keith A, Chinn, Andrea B). If researchers are not careful in their tests or rush their drug on to the market without testing it thoroughly, there could be very large consequences."

Tags:psychology, antidepressants, drugs, latino, psychology, mood, behavior