Abstract
This paper uses evidence from ten different sources to analyze the hypothesis that honeybees can communicate the relative distance, direction and even the quality of the food source from their hive to their colleagues with their unique "dance language." This paper also examines alternative explanations and possibilities for the evidences.

Outline
Hypothesis
Evidence
Alternatives
Possibilities
Summary

From the Paper
"Even with the overwhelming contradicting evidences to Frisch's original experiments, his original hypothesis of honeybees using forms of "dances" (dance language) to communicate the distance, direction, and quality of food sources is still true. The dances never had to be 100% accurate nor reliable for it to be considered true-even we (humans) make mistakes with our languages. For example, if you forgot someone's directions, does that disprove the fact someone communicated to you the directions using a language in the first place? There is no way to proof whether the bees that did not locate the resources just chose not to (which brings up more questions), or maybe just have forgotten the information-they do have very small brains!"

Tags:frisch, hive, colonies, tail

Abstract
This paper shows the emergence of psychoanalysis as a major school of thought in psychology. It also outlines the major theorists involved in this process; including but not limited to Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. A comparison of the three psychoanalyst's theories is also provided, followed by a general conclusion on psychoanalysis as a whole.

From the Paper
"Psychoanalysis is an approach to the understanding of human behaviour by Freud and other prominent psychologists. It is a method of treating mental and emotional disorders by discussion and analysis of one's thoughts and feelings. It relies on the therapist's ability to make the unconscious conscious and to help guide the patients to resolve their underlying conflicts. It is based on past experiences, but there is limited empirical evidence that supports this theory as it deals with the emotional side of psychology and lacks scientific rigor, partly because there are too many variables involved to enable it to be a controlled study. But that doesn't mean to say that it is not true, it is just extremely difficult to confirm."

Tags:ego, sexual, emotional, conflicts

Abstract
The paper explains Erikson's theory that the biggest challenge for children in early childhood is the development of initiative. The paper outlines what the goal of teachers should be in the classroom and what methods there are for a teacher to achieve these goals. The paper therefore shows how an understanding of development stages can help teachers to assist children in reaching their potential.

From the Paper
"Although no individual develops in exactly the same manner as another, researchers in the fields of biology, psychology and sociology have outlined rough guidelines for human development. The most common theories of human development include stages that an individual passes through, in which a new skill or ability is acquired in each stage. Skills and abilities may take the form of physical skills, mental and cognitive skill, or emotional skills. The difference between stages is most pronounced in the early years of development, or in other words, in children. What a seven year old is able to logically reason through is likely to be very different from the logical reasoning of a 5 year old or an 11 year old. Thus, it is very important that individuals working with young children, especially teachers, have an adequate understanding of human development. Without such an understanding, a teacher may run into numerous problems within the educational environment and may fail to best serve his or her students."

Tags:initiative, guilt, diversity, cognition, reasoning

Abstract
This paper explores the contributions of the four core social science disciplines that comprise the study of organizational behaviour namely, psychology, sociology, social psychology and anthropology. The paper provides clear examples of how research advances and refines the discipline of organizational behaviour. Also examined by the paper, is the potential impact research has on management practices and organizational performance.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Contributions of Psychology
Contributions of Sociology
Contributions of Social Psychology
Anthropology
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Organizations are becoming increasingly complex, diverse, and global. Corporations must adapt rapidly to changing demands within the competitive global market. Optimum productivity in the workplace emerges from superior leadership paired with exceptional employee attributes, attitudes, and performance. The collective disciplines of organizational behaviour are evolving and responding to these changes by identifying what specific factors and/or behaviours create workplace synergy and lead to fulfilling work experiences for employers and employees alike. Each discipline contributes distinctly ensuring that all aspects of personal behavior as well as social and cultural influences are understood and accounted for in grasping the complexities of organizational behaviour."

Tags:culture, workplace, diversity, training

Abstract
The paper looks closely at Max Wertheimer's 1924 paper on Gestalt Theory. The writer summarizes the theory of Gestalt Psychology and discusses its strengths and weaknesses. The paper shows how this theory differs from other psychological theories, concentrating on its non-emphasis on breaking down its subjects.

From the Paper
"Many theories of psychology seek to simplify concepts and occurrences. Behavioral theories break activity down into its basic elements and sequences of events. Cognitive theories examine mental processes by trying to reduce complex processes into stages and computer like transactions. Even Freudian theories attempt to break down mental processes and behavior into simpler life events and mental structures such as the id, ego and superego. Psychology is not the only science whose goal is to simplify events and examine any end result as a function of its components. Max Wertheimer argues for a different approach to the science of Psychology, and in fact, to any science. Wertheimer presents Gestalt Theory as a solution to many of the problems faced by science."

Tags:whole, science, brain, empirical, study

Abstract
The paper discusses the development of a child between conception and birth and S. Cooper's research on fetal alcohol syndrome. The paper discusses the first few years of life and the development of attachment as researched by Harry Harlow, early childhood and middle childhood and their psychosocial challenges as identified by Erik Erikson and adolescent teenagers' sense of egocentrism as illustrated by David Elkind. The paper then looks at young adulthood and Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning development and middle adulthood's challenge as theorized by Erik Erikson. Finally, the paper addresses late adulthood and the development of Alzheimer's disease and end of life issues as defined by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross.

Outline:
Conception through Birth
First Three Years of Life
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Young Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
End of Life

From the Paper
"There are a number of different dangers that can threaten the healthy development of a child between the time of conception and birth. A child begins as a zygote until its first 2 weeks, then moves on to being an embryo between 3 and 8 weeks, and finally, is considered a fetus from 9 weeks until birth (usually around 38 weeks). The first three months of pregnancy are the most dangerous for an unborn child, and during this time a child can be threatened by teratogens, which are harmful agents in the prenatal environment that can have negative impacts on a child's development. One of the most common of teratogens is alcohol. The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can lead to a syndrome called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which causes mental retardation, abnormally small size, as well as organ, facial and limb abnormalities."

Tags:egocentrism, attachment, fetal, alcohol, syndrome, Alzheimer's, moral, reasoning

Abstract
This paper discusses different post modern approaches to therapy. It analyzes solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), social constructionism and narrative therapy. It also discusses the theories behind the therapies. The paper then discusses the writer's attitude towards the different therapy approaches and how he could apply these approaches to his daily life.

From the Paper
"Social constructionism, SFBT, and narrative therapy are making many contributions to the field of psychotherapy. I especially value the optimistic orientation of these postmodern approaches that rest on the assumptions that people are competent and can be trusted to use their resources in creating better solutions and more life-affirming stories. Many postmodern practitioners and writers have found that clients are able to make significant moves toward building more satisfying lives in a relatively short period of time."

Tags:psychotherapy, therapist, positive

Abstract
This paper explains that Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy emphasizes the attitudes and personal characteristics of the therapist and the quality of the client-therapist relationship as the prime determinants of the outcome of the therapeutic process. The author relates the concepts of Rogers and the advantage of the global presence of his therapy. The paper points out the goals, the role of the therapist and the equality relationship between the client and the therapist. The author feels that the empathetic understanding aspect of person-centered therapy would fall inline with what the Bible teaches.

From the Paper
"The actualizing tendency is a directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, self-determination, and perfection. This growth force within us provides an internal source of healing, but it does not imply a movement away from relationships, interdependence, connection, or socialization. This positive view of human nature has significant implications for the practice of therapy. Because of the belief that the individual has an inherent capacity to move away from maladjustment and toward psychological health, the therapist places the primary responsibility on the client."

Tags:client-therapist equality self-actualization, reflective style, integration

Abstract
This paper examines the philosopher John Locke's Locke's theory of empiricism, that everything learned through previous experience, is accurate and relevant in today's society. In particular it shows how although Locke's proposal of empiricism is over 300 years old, all aspects are still applicable and how Locke's rejection of innate ideas, his suggestion that all ideas are a result of reflection and sensation and that observations are either simple or complex, are precise and cannot be disproved in today's society.

From the Paper
"Individuals often wonder why humans are able to think abstract thoughts and why animals are incapable of this. Locke proposed that in order for a thought to occur, the two foundations of knowledge must be present. These foundations are: observations of sensation and observations of reflection. External observation such as loud, red and cold are observations of sensation; they come to us through our senses. Internal observations such as thinking, remembering, and perceiving are observations of reflection. Locke states "the senses at first let in particular ideas, and furnish the yet empty cabinet: and the mind by degrees growing familiar with some of them, they are logged in the memory, and names go to them" (Locke, 65). "

Tags:epistomology, innate, observations, knowledge, sensation

Abstract
This essay deals with an indepth look at the psychological theory of Carl Jung and how it came to be. It speaks of the influences from his personal life as well as those from other psychologists of the time. The essay looks at the idea of archetypes and how dreams manifest what is really in our unconscious mind and that to be a "whole" person one has to face the unconscious.

From the Paper
"Man is not an isolated figure, but lives in a world that has many facets. Being constantly immersed in a specific culture and environment is bound to affect any field of study in which one is engaged. This is true for Carl Jung and his analytic personality psychology. Throughout his life, Jung was greatly affected by many events and incidents. He strived to make sense of them in an organized manner, but it was not until later in life that he was able to fully understand the true meaning of these events. Jung brought to his work and theories personal experiences, familial relations experiences, as well as the cultural-historical ideas of his time that, combined would give Jung the foundation he needed to create his great psychological theory."

Tags:alchemy, archetypes, personality