Abstract
Napster is a program allowing users to directly transfer music files without the aid of a centralized file server. Full-length songs may be exchanged in mere minutes through the program, and neither the artists nor the record companies are compensated for their work. The daunting prospect of consumers freely downloading complete libraries of music propelled the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to successfully sue Napster for trafficking in piracy. This paper analyzes the arguments made by both sides, investigates the virtues of the verdict, and discusses other court outcomes that would have been more beneficial to all parties involved. In addition, lawsuits of other file-sharing applications are discussed, including the likely outlook of Internet peer-to-peer sharing for the future.

From the Paper
"The advent of the Internet has enabled users to promptly and effortlessly share information between one another as never before. While the vast majority of individuals embrace this new technology as a blessing, the capacity to impart so much data has produced a crisis regarding copyright infringement. Napster is a program allowing users to directly transfer music files without the aid of a centralized file server. Individuals are able to gain access to an immense library of copyrighted music, thus rattling the record industry.1 Full-length songs may be exchanged in mere minutes through the program, and neither the artists nor the record companies are compensated for their work. The daunting prospect of consumers freely downloading complete libraries of music propelled the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to successfully sue Napster for trafficking in piracy. The following will analyze the arguments made by both sides, investigate the virtues of the verdict, and discuss other court outcomes that would have been more beneficial to all parties involved. One such result would incorporate monthly fees and bonus features into the software, which would appease the RIAA's concerns and also allows Napster to continue its operations. In addition, the lawsuits recently launched against Morpheus, Kazaa, Grokster, and My.Mp3.com are predicted to result in the continuance of their operations, given that illegitimate files are removed from their respective systems."

Tags:application, artist, audio, company, copyright, download, files, freenet, gnutella, industry, infringe, internet, kazaa, law, lawsuit, legal, midi, morpheus

Abstract
This paper looks at the root of evil which manifests itself in serial killing. It also analyzes the morality of serial killers by studying the behaviorial patterns of Bundy, Berkowitz, Gacy, and Toole. It examines the lack of moral development in serial killers, specifically those which fall into the category of psychopaths.

From the Paper
"The lack of morality displayed by serial killers is something that is easily identifiable through hindsight. Once their malicious and brutal "secret lives" have been brought to the forefront, it is quite easy to say that these men (and sometimes women) have no concept of morality. If this lack of morality is so obvious, why then do we not notice it prior to their murderous rampages? The most likely answer to this question is that the majority of serial killers can be classified as psychopaths. According to John E. Conklin (1997, 564) a psychopath is "a person who has a specific cluster of personality traits; is asocial, aggressive, highly impulsive, and unable to form lasting bonds of affection with others; and feels little or no guilt for antisocial activities." Clecky (1976) has outline 16 major characteristics of psychopaths, which include: intelligent, rational, calm, unreliable, insincere, without shame or remorse, having poor judgment, without capacity for love, unemotional, poor insight, indifferent to the trust of kindness of others, over-reactive to alcohol, suicidal, impersonal sex life, lacking long term goals, and inadequately motivated antisocial behaviour. Due to their high levels of intelligence, psychopaths are capable of being very manipulative, and thus are able to feign the appropriate emotions necessary to blending in with society. Psychopaths make a conscious effort to distance themselves socially, and share intimacy with only those whom they can control psychologically. Thus, the immorality of psychopaths often goes unnoticed by the general public. It is not until a serial killer is captured that their personality is scrutinized closely enough to recognize the symptoms of psychopathology. These symptoms may even continue to hide after the killer has been apprehended. When Ted Bundy was first arrested he quickly made friends with his captives, and was granted special privileges which eventually lead to his ability to escape. Thus the very symptoms of psychopathology are what make it so difficult to detect prior to a serial killer's conviction."

Tags:criminal, justice, psychology, bundy, berkovitz, gacy, toole, disorder

Abstract
The paper refers to the literature concerning obsessive compulsive dsorders (OCD) in children and adolescents that shows how the disorder is not only debilitating but also lacking in the necessary tools for assessment and treatment. The paper discusses the classification of OCD as an anxiety disorder and reveals that the prevalence of the disorder is under diagnosed and underestimated. The paper includes the writer's personal reaction that much more research is necessary within this area of psychology.

Outline:
Lack of Research
What is Known about Childhood and Adolescent OCD
Classification of OCD
Some Additional Research
Prevalence
Personal Reaction

From the Paper
"Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and potentially disabling neuropsychiatric condition, which often emerges during late childhood or early adolescence. This disorder is characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions which are deemed to be excessive to the extent that they cause distress in a person's life, and disrupt daily living patterns and functioning (APA, 1994). OCD in children tends to dominate every aspect of the affected child's life (Wolff & Wolff, 1991). The presence of obsessive thoughts and the overwhelming need to perform compulsive rituals may adversely affect the child's family and peer relationships, school performance, vocational functioning, participation in extracurricular activities, self-esteem, and emotional well-being (Wand, Furer & Shady, 1993; Thomsen & Jensen, 1991; Toro, Cevera, Osejo & Salamero, 1992)."

Tags:symptoms, rituals, assessment, treatment, depression, suicide

Abstract
This a research essay about one of the oldest religions in the world, Satanism. It deals with common misconceptions, the history of how it began, moral codes, rules, and the different cults. The religious basis is discussed as well as the many sects, cults, and moderations over the years, including the Satanic Bible, written by Anton LaVey. This essay gives information about religion and provides many overlooked facts about beliefs.

From the Paper
"Satanism is a religion that is often misinterpreted and not fully understood. Ever since the 18th century, people have begun to blame many faith-related problems on this particular religion. Satanism is a belief in Satan, and that he has the grace of the Earth. He is seen as the prince of darkness, and many of the beliefs are based on self-service, pride, and superiority. Satanism is divided in a few groups, but two are most recognized, which are the Traditional and Modern Satanists. Not all Satanism has the same beliefs, values and worships, but many among the different groups are common. All Satanist groups have the same beliefs about the creation of Satanism, believe in the same rules, sins and Statements, and have relatively similar moral codes."

Tags:satan, anton, belief, black, celtic, code, lavey, mass, moral, religion, templeofset, zoroastrianism

Abstract
This is a research and critical review of China's one child population policy. It delves into the nature of the policy, the reasons for its implementation, the benefits and draw backs of the policy and whether it has been successful or not. The author looks at the problems with the policy with special reference to the way it effects society and proposes alternatives and solutions to the policy.

From the Paper
"The Chinese population policy is approaching its silver anniversary and the contentious nature of the strategy remains. Without question the one child per family policy has changed China's demographic landscape, but many individuals still question the success and ethical nature of the implementation. These strategies have also caused new problems that the country must address. Numerous people wonder if the positive decline of population growth can offset the negative effects of the policy."

Tags:child, china, chinese, histoy, one, policy, population, family, community, society

Abstract
The writer explains that in this experiment, lysozyme was purified from egg white solution into 24 fractions using gel column chromatography. The writer points out that the odd-numbered fractions were then assayed in order to determine the enzymatic activity of lysozyme, while the even-numbered fractions were assayed for total protein content, using the Bradford protein assay procedure. The writer notes that lysozyme is one of the most well-known enzymes, being abundant in mucus, tears, and albumen (commonly known as egg white).
The writer concludes that the purification of lysozyme from egg white was only somewhat successful since the estimated value of the molecular weight, 14.25 kDa, is practically the same as the known weight of 14.3 kDa. However, the specific activity, calculated at 400 units/mg, was significantly less than the expected specific activity of 25 000 units/mg of protein.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Lysozyme is itself composed of 129 amino acids, including four disulfide bridges and three sets of alpha helices. The enzyme's active site consists of a long groove that can hold as many as six polysaccharides. According to past experiments, specific activity of lysozyme from egg white is approximately 25 000 units/mg. This is the expected result for this experiment. However, one factor that influences the specific activity is the actual column and type of chromatography being used, since accuracy differs among the different types of chromatographies. Therefore, some are able to purify enzymes better than others, giving a more accurate specific activity. In addition to obtaining the specific activity, molecular weight of the enzyme can be determined by comparing the fraction in which most of the enzyme eluted with the fractionation range."

Tags:protein, egg, white, calculations, fractions

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Dorothy Johnson's behavioral system model. The writer explores the model itself and then uses case study examples to apply the theory to real life situations in a critical care nursing role. It presents the positive outcomes for nurses and family members, of using the model in critical care nursing.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Johnson's Life
The Model
Case Study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the most well known nursing theorists in modern history was Dorothy Johnson. Johnson ideas about the field of nursing and how that field relates to the care of individual patients, including her well known Behavior Model theory (Fruschwirth, 2000). The theory encompasses many of the medical systems in the human body and how they relate to behaviors of individuals to provide a measurable blueprint as to how to apply those functions and behaviors to the everyday practice of nursing. To understand how the Behavioral System Model was conceived and developed and how it pertains to today's nursing profession it is important to have a basic understanding of nursing itself and the life of Johnson."

Tags:critical, care, nursing, burden

Abstract
This essay deals with the topic of terrorism, with focus on the events which occurred on September 11th. The author looks at topics such as the United States' role in the war on terror, the Palestinian perspectives as well as the impacts of such terror on the world. Includes various world leaders' viewpoints on the terror attacks.

From the Paper
"Terrorism is a topic that has many different viewpoints. One group's actions can be considered a terrorist act to some while others perceive it as a fight for freedom. Terrorism has become a major world issue that has affected all nations in light of the September 11 attacks. To deal with such a broad issue, many opinions must be heard in order to have any chance at resolving the problems that terrorism causes us to face. This report investigates the different perceptions and views that world leaders, ordinary citizens, as well as the various militant groups have on this controversial subject. "

Tags:11th, al, bin, laden, osama, qaeda, september, terrorism, wtc

Abstract
The following paper explores the psychological impact the high rate of marital breakdown have on children and how these effects impact on society. The marital breakdown addressed in this paper is between heterosexual couples. To examine this topic a review of literature has been conducted. A comparison of children living in intact families and children living in divorced families has been completed to demonstrate the similarities and differences. This paper also discusses the effects on members of society of the high divorce rate and the positive outcomes of divorce.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Mediators of Divorce
Economic Effects of Divorce
Effects of Conflict on Children
Effects of Absence of Non-Custodial Parents
Effects of Remarriage
Long Term Effects of Divorce on Children
Effects on Society
The Positive Consequences of Divorce

From the Paper
Some children experience an easier adjustment to divorce while others display difficulties for a long period of time. Factors have been identified that ease the adjustment for children. These conditions include supportive interactions with family members and friends, having effective coping strategies and accessibility to any needed mental health interventions (Cooney, Hutchinson and Leather). The effects of divorce can be lessened also if the parents act without hostility, if children s relationships with their parents are continuous, and if the children s financial needs are provided for by the parents (Thompson and Amato). Thus, reducing life stresses will moderate the impact of divorce on children.

Tags:significant, contributor, adjustment, effective, parenting, custodial, parent, accurate, indicator, youth, adjustment, moderator, adolescents

Abstract
This paper discusses how a great number of students with learning disabilities are at high risk for educational failure because they often have difficulty remembering materials covered in school and how their teachers can help these students improve their performance and their long term success through mnemonic instruction. It examines various studies on the topic and reviews relevant literature. It evaluates how the majority of research indicates that using basic phonetic instruction alone is insufficient, especially for students with learning disabilities. When basic skills are taught in conjunction with mnemonic strategies, memory improves because well established pictures in the memory bank to link new information and trigger a strong electrical impulse to help recall the new information. The research studies have consistently shown that mnemonic strategies can be taught to students of all ages and of all levels of learning disabilities. Studies have also shown that when students are taught mnemonics to help them study, they begin to use mnemonics on a regular basis and also begin to make up their own memorization techniques.

From the Paper
"The traditional theory of learning, which has been used in the past as a supplement to the mass schooling approach of the early 19th century, is that in order for a student to learn complex skills such as reading, he must first become adept at making sense of the smallest components of the language (for example letters) and then advancing to larger components (for example sounds, words, and sentences). Phonics supporters generally agree that by employing "the direct approach" in regards to instruction, as well as providing an undeviating focus on logical sequencing, students will effectively learn to identify words quickly and consistently, as well as improving their spelling, vocabulary, handwriting, listening, and thinking skills (Share and Stanovich, 1995)."

Tags:children, memory, bank, teachers, phonetic, language, skills