Signal Transduction Pathways

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that, in a lab intended to investigate how cells respond to external signals at a molecular level, a genetic transformation of yeast cells was performed, and -galactosidase gene fusion was used to assess yeast promoter activity. The paper then explains that the yeast mitotic cell cycle is very similar to the cell cycle of other eukaryotic cells and is commonly broken down into the four standard phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The paper also explains that the -factor induces arrest of yeast cells in G1 and transcription of genes involved in mating, which in turn causes a change in cell shape, and increases transcription and translation of genes involved in cell fusion. It is the presence of -factor that begins transcription of Fus1 promoter attached to the LacZ gene on the pBH315 plasmid.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
References

From the Paper:

"A mutation in the G protein could mean that it is active most of the time, thereby activating the kinase complex, and initiating transcription. The Y pBH315-a strain also showed almost double the number of budded cells compared to unbudded. A mutation in the intracellular signaling proteins could have been the culprit here. When such high numbers of budded cells show up in the strains, one can assess that such mutations have a high sensitivity to the factor, so that they show and increase in transcription and translation of genes involved in cell fusion, and therefore have many budded cells."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Peter M, Gartner A, Horecka J, Ammerer G, Herskowitz I. FAR1 Links The Signal Transduction Pathway To The Cell Cycle Machinery In Yeast. Vol 73(4), p.747-60. 1993.
• Rose M., Casadaban M.J., and Botstein D. Yeast Genes Fused to sz -galactosidase in Escherichia coli Can Be Expressed Normally in Yeast. Vol. 78 no.4 p.2460-2464. 1991.
• Thevelein JM. Signal Tansduction in Yeast. Vol.10(13). p.1753-90. 1994.
• Dohlman H.G., and Thorner J.W. Regulation of G Protein-Initiatd Signal Transduction in Yeast. Vol. 2001.70, p.703-54. 2001.

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