Abstract
In this article, the writer proves that segregation exists in a city like Toronto, which is touted to be a "world within a city". The writer reflects on the effectiveness of the former two-tier system of governance, in respect to housing policies. The writer concentrates on the economical gentrification occurring in Parkdale, and the ethnic segregation in various neighborhoods in Metro Toronto between 1953 and 1997. Also taken into account are factors such as immigration, income and race in order to paint a clearer picture on the issue. The paper reveals that segregation and gentrification became common housing policy methods when Toronto had a two-tier level of government. Starting off with a brief history of Toronto, the writer continues to analyze the evolution of segregation and gentrification throughout the years.

From the Paper
"To further prove that the actions taken by Metro Toronto were at least faulty, one must also consider the downloading of services from the province, especially in this particular case of treating the mentally ill. Circa 1979-1980, a new trend emerged, whereby "community-based care" was considered an adequate replacement for hospitals in which long term institutionalization occurred. The premise of this idea was simple and, on paper, seemed beneficial for social integration of these people. These patients would be discharged and moved into 'group-homes,' where they would receive care, whilst integrated into society and becoming more independent. This trend had resulted in the closing down of the Lakeshore Provincial Psychiatric Hospital and the Queen Street Health Centre for Addiction and Mental Health."

Tags:municipal, segregation, gentrification, racism, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that, in this case study, after enjoying Bangkok as a tourist, Olly Racela fell in love with the country and its people and sought employment in Thailand. However, she discovered that life as an expatriate was very different from that of a tourist. Next, the author describes Racela's employment opportunity in Hawaii and compares it to continuing to work in Bangkok. The paper recommends that she remains working in Thailand and points out ways to increase her gratification by living in this unique culture.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Problem Statement
Analysis
In Thailand
The Workplace
Discussion of Alternatives
Alternative 1: Continue in Her Position in Thailand
Pros
Cons
Alternative 2: Take Position in Hawaii
Pros
Cons
Recommendations

From the Paper
"As Racela was now working for an upper-middle class income bracket, she expected more for her living conditions. Since she has Western beliefs, she was given better living conditions than the average Thai. She also received preferential treatment by virtue of her citizenship. Although she gained this preferential treatment, as a woman, she was disadvantaged especially through the income inequality that is fostered by a male dominated society. She was being paid less for doing the same work that a man would do."

Tags:skills, struggles, language, adventure, compensation

Abstract
In this paper, the writer explores Rothenberg's three main themes in her book "Race, Class, and Gender in the United States": the formation and definition of differences, historical accounts of race, class and gender, and suggestions for moving beyond racism, sexism and classism. The writer shows how Rothenberg presents the reader with the materials to formulate a personal opinion on the issues of race, class, and gender and to determine how they affect him in contemporary society. The writer also offers a personal response to Rothenberg's ideas.

From the Paper
"A primary theme in Rothenberg's (2007) book is the formation and definition of differences. Sections I-IV constructs the basis on how society in the United States construct differences in the areas of race, class, and gender and helps the reader to think about the meaning of racism, classism and sexism (p. 3). Section I contains readings that investigates how White privilege was developed by the construction of racial differences among the European settlers, slaves and natives to create a division of labor. Also discussed was how there developed a greater distinction among Jewish immigrants and how they were grafted into the White majority and other immigrants after World War II. Section I-IV of Rothenberg's (2007) book also discusses the construction of gender and how differences in gender have created differences in the division of labor, pay, and gender roles and stereotypes."

Tags:segregation, prejucide, discrimination, stereotypes, oppression

Abstract
This paper is a position paper on multicultural curriculum. The paper discusses what a multicultural curriculum is and why it is needed in today's multicultural classrooms. It looks at the division among those who support a multicultural curriculum and those who don't. The paper briefly discusses how to teach the multicultural curriculum.

From the Paper
"According to Gollnick and Chinn multicultural education has the purpose of further developing a democratic society by providing and promoting a respect and understanding of diverse ethnic and cultural groups ..."

Tags:multicultural, curriculum

Abstract
This paper illustrates how Canada is a unique model for multiculturalism policies. It is also puts forward two differing trains of thought regarding this subject as outlined by Jacques Derrida in "The Other Heading" and Terry Eagleton in "The Idea of Culture".

From the Paper
"Canada is a unique model for multiculturalism policies, and the example of Canada has vast implications for current debates about culture. In Canada, particular cultures are always at odds with nationalism. In a country with a government policy that foregrounds notions of hospitality as outlined by Jacques Derrida in The Other Heading, "nation-building" (Kymlicka 28) takes its place as the other side of the debate. This debate is fueled by totalitarian thinkers such as Terry Eagleton, for whom culture has been over-politicized. Jacques Derrida's notion of the "double duty" of culture in The Other Heading is, in many ways, in direct opposition to Terry Eagleton's advocacy of a "particularized universalism" in The Idea of Culture. Looking to Canadian multiculturalism as an example, it is self-evident that culture is always multivalent, and "division" actually promotes cultural health in alignment with Derrida's notion of the "double duty" to the self and to the other. In Canada, the doubleness of space acts as a model for the double duty of culture; culture in Canada is as multivalent as the land."

Tags:opposition, debates, identity

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the idea of diversity within Canada is a hot topic issue, which has been highly criticized and advocated. The writer notes that the articles "The Myth of Canadian Diversity" and "Marginalization" both show two different viewpoints on multiculturalism in Canada and express them using two different styles of argument. The writer explains that "The Myth of Canadian Diversity" argues that the diversity people believe exists in Canada, caused by the large immigrant population arriving in Canada every year, is actually untrue because immigrants assimilate very quickly, creating a homogeneous Canadian society. The paper then discusses Neil Bissoondath work, which argues that Canada's multiculturalism policy actually leads to the alienation of different cultures. The writer maintains that both of these viewpoints also display different styles in presenting and validating an argument.

From the Paper
"The article The Myth of Canadian Diversity discusses the myths that Canadians hold about their country. Canadians believe that Canada is a young country, that Canada has a small population and therefore is small economically, and that the diversity in Canada makes the country difficult to govern. The argument made by the author is that although Canada does have many diverse people coming into the country they quickly assimilate. The arguments made are heavily supported by facts and expert opinion, in this way the argument appeals to the reader's common sense. The two Canadian myths regarding the age of the country and the small population creating a small economy are disputed by the fact that most countries came into existence after Canada, have smaller populations, and are actually economically weaker then Canada, which ranks seventh in the world."

Tags:immigrant, population, assimilation, equals

Abstract
This paper discusses how individualism and collectivism are exact opposites and how they represent two extremes in the way people live their lives. It contends that the most notable differences between the two lifestyles are their views on personal relations, self-fulfillment, and group collaborations. The author also discusses how a comprehensive understanding of the two concepts would help him in his job as a child and youth worker.

From the Paper
"A collectivist society meanwhile can be defined as "a culture whose members feel loyalties and obligations to an in-group, such as family, community, or organization." (Adler, Rosenfield, Proctor, & Winder, 2006, p. 420) In general, societies with a collectivist point of view will value traits such as teamwork, cooperativeness and adherence to social norms. Perspectives such as these tend be displayed in Asian, Latin American and African nations and tend to be "associated with women and people in rural settings." (Class Notes, 2009) The wellbeing of the group is essential to a collectivists own self identity, and because of this they are strongly dependent on group collaboration and interdependence. A collectivist will generally sacrifice sovereignty for the welfare of others and put the common goals of a group before the individual. People who display collectivist traits are generally less competitive and tend to avoid conflict at all cost. They value family and strong social relationships, and endeavour things such as faith, love, unity, harmony and trust."

Tags:culture, mannerism

Abstract
In this article, the writer defines cultural competence and explains the Culturally Competent Model of Ethical Decision Making Framework. Subsequently the writer analyzes a culturally defined, ethical predicament experienced by the writer in a clinical setting. The writer makes use of the 'Culturally Competent Model of Ethical Decision Making Framework" to examine the dilemma. Through this vignette, the writer discusses the setting in which the event occurred, those members involved and how the different stakeholders perceived the dilemma. In addition, conflicting values and beliefs at individuals, societal or organizational levels that influenced perceptions and interactions between the patient and caregivers are identified. Further, any power relations that may have existed between the participants and safety implications for the patient are reviewed. The writer explores the concepts of discrimination and disadvantage in a cultural context.

Outline:
Cultural Competence and Ethics
A Framework for Thinking Ethically
Vignette
Defining the Ethical Dilemma, the Key Stakeholders involved with Mr. H.
Worldviews, Organizational Views, Health Care Provider Views, Patient and Family Views
Redefining the Problem using the 'Culturally Competent Model of Ethical Decision Making'
Discrimination in Health Care
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many members of the healthcare team failed Mr. H. on personal, ethical, cultural and organizational levels. Mr. H. was a man, a husband, a Mexican, a grandfather or otherwise known in Spanish as abuelo. He was loved by his family and was much missed back home in Mexico. He had not been in Canada long when he had his stroke. He had brought his family here in hopes of providing them with a better life, to be closer to his children who had immigrated a year earlier. His sons had been employed in a construction business and the family was cohabitating together to make ends meet. His hospital stay was nothing short of dreadful and frightening for him and undoubtedly for his family as well. Not one member of the health care team thought it abnormal that he was constantly restrained in his bed or wheelchair. Those members included nurses, social work, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy, physicians and speech and language pathology."

Tags:health, care, therapeutic, relationship, moral

Abstract
Canada's policies on Gay and Lesbian rights are direct examples of canada's cultural policies, which fit in under the greater heading of multiculturalism. The paper discusses the history of multiculturalism policy, the history of gay and lesbian rights in Canada, and concludes by stating what Canada's policies say about the role of the state in Canada.

From the Paper
"Multicultural policy issues concerning French-English relations and Aboriginal policy have continued to make the political agenda since the introduction of multicultural policy in Canada. There have been issues of Quebec separatism and Aboriginal groups continue to launch land claims and fight for self-government. However, for the purposes of this paper, a more recent and current multiculturalism policy will be discussed. Sexual orientation policy, and more specifically, same-sex marriage policy, is a topic on the current Government's political agenda (Brooks, 1998). The issue is a matter of whether or not same-sex couples should be allowed to enter into legally recognized marriages, and more broadly, what the government's role in marriage should be. The topic has been brought to the political agenda through a number of methods, including pressure from interested lobby groups, international policies of western European countries, and most importantly, rulings of the Canadian judiciary. Recent court rulings have essentially forced the Federal government to examine the issue of same-sex marriage. In 1998, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in M.v.H. that the Ontario Family Law Act's definition of spouse was in violation of s.15 of the Charter by not including same-sex partners. The Court changed the definition of spouse in the Ontario FLA to include same-sex partners and urged governments across the nation to update all legislation concerning the definition of "spouse" in order to avoid litigation and similar rulings (Sanders, 1994). As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling, the Government introduced Bill C-23, the Modernization of Benefits and Obligations Bill that changed the definition of spouse to include same-sex common law partners. In July of 2002, the Ontario Superior court ruled in "the Banns" case that the restriction of marriage to heterosexual couples was in violation of the Charter and declared 2 same-sex marriages performed at Toronto's MCC to be legal. The Ontario government passed on appealing the decision stating that marriage fell under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government and therefore, only the federal government could decide who can marry. The Federal Government requested a delay in submitting an appeal on the case in order to examine the issue further. In November of 2002, the Justice Minister submitted a discussion paper on the issue of Marriage and the legal recognition of same-sex unions, in which he outlined four possible solutions that the government could take on the issue."

Tags:analysis, gay, lesbian, pluralism, policy, public, radical, rights, statism

Abstract
This essay argues that among the inherent tensions between liberal democracy and multiculturalism, the most problematic is the conflict between equality of political rights, which is fundamental to liberal democracy, and the notion of collective rights, which is fundamental to multiculturalism. Nonetheless, this tension can be overcome and it is argued that multiculturalism in fact supports some elements of liberal democracy such as political participation. In order to clarify this argument, the writer begins with defining multiculturalism, liberal democracy and basic principles of liberal democracy.

From the Paper
"A policy of multiculturalism within a bilingual framework commends itself to the Government as the most suitable means of assuring the cultural freedom of Canadians "A vigorous policy of multiculturalism will help form the base of a society which is based on fair play for all." (Pierre Trudeau, 1971 qtd in Multiculturalism and the Government of Canada 1) It has been thirty years since Prime Minister Trudeau announced this multiculturalism policy. During these twenty years, not only Canada, but also other nations that have adopted the policy of multiculturalism have experienced both challenges to and support of multiculturalism from diverse groups. Social issues emerging from multiculturalism have become more and more complex. In nations like Canada, Switzerland, Belgium and Spain, liberal democracy coexists with multiculturalism and questions arise concerning these two principles: how does multiculturalism fit into liberal democratic society? Does the principle of multiculturalism support liberal democracy or undermine it? More specifically, what aspects of multiculturalism affect liberal democracy and how? This essay will argue that among the inherent tensions between liberal democracy and multiculturalism, the most problematic is the conflict between equality of political rights, which is fundamental to liberal democracy, and the notion of collective rights, which is fundamental to multiculturalism. Nonetheless, this tension can be overcome and it will be argued that multiculturalism in fact supports some elements of liberal democracy such as political participation. In order to clarify this argument, I will begin with defining multiculturalism, liberal democracy and basic principles of liberal democracy."

Tags:collective, equality, freedom, rights